Learn how to start a new Greenfoot program and set up the world and actors ready for the next steps in creating a game. Part 1 of the Greenfoot Tutorial for the Eduqas/WJEC GCSE 2016 specification. 1. Setup & Populating the World Greenfoot Tutorial 1. Open Greenfoot This tutorial uses Version 2.4.2 which is the version students are given to use in the WJEC/Eduqas Component 2 exam . Click here for more information and how to download 2.4.2 . If you are using a more recent version the code should still work but the look of the program in the screenshots may be different. In the Component 2 exam of the 2016 WJEC/Eduqas specification you would skip ahead to the New Object Placements stage further down this page as the classes should be set up for you. Watch on YouTube: 2. New Scenario For a new project, click ' Scenario ' and then ' New '. If you are using a more recent version of Greenfoot select ' New Java Scenario '. Save this new project in a suitable location such as a folder named 'Greenfoot' . You may wish to save this project as ' SimpleGame ' or ' ExampleGame '. 3. Setup the MyWorld class The first thing to do is to create a subclass of World called MyWorld which becomes our background object. Right-click on the World class and select 'New subclass... ' Set the New class name to MyWorld . Choose any image from the 'backgrounds ' image category. I have chosen the 'cell.jpg ' image. Click the Compile button in the bottom right of the Greenfoot window to save the program . 4. Create the Main Character class Now to create a new class for the main character. Right-click on the Actor class and select 'New subclass... ' Give the new object an appropriate name and choose a relevant image . I have named my class 'Sheep ' and selected the sheep.png image. 5. Right-click on Actor and create two more classes: Collectable objects to pick up (e.g. my orange) An enemy character to avoid (e.g. my elephant) Don't forget to compile the program. Watch on YouTube: After creating your classes you must move them over to the game world. This is known as populating the world . 1. New Object Placements Right-click on your main character object and select the top option e.g. 'new Sheep()'. Drag your mouse to the world and click to drop it. Complete the following actions: Place 1 main character object. Place 5 collectible objects. Place 2 enemy objects. 2. Save the World Once you have populated your world with objects then right-click anywhere on the background and select 'Save the World '. This saves the positions of each object so that it won't reset every time you start a new game. You can close the MyWorld code that automatically opens when you save the world, we never add any code to this window. Part 2 - Movement (Arrow Keys) >

Learn how to use variables in Python. Try practice tasks and learn through text and images. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. top Python 1d - Using Variables Printing Variables Within Sentences Join sentences and variables together using a plus symbol (+ ). Joining strings together like this is called concatenation . name = "Marina" print( "Hello " + name + ", nice to meet you." ) = Hello Marina, nice to meet you. Remember to use speech marks for your printed statements but no speech marks for variable names . You need to use the + symbol before and after each variable. direction = "north" country = "Wales" print ( "Have you been to the " + direction + " of " + country + "?" ) = Have you been to the north of Wales? Commas can be used an alternative to the + symbol but they will automatically add a space . day = "Saturday" print ( "My birthday is on a" + day + "this year." ) print ( "My birthday is on a" , day , "this year." ) = My birthday is on aSaturdaythis year. My birthday is on a Saturday this year. Using Variables Task 1 ( Pizza Toppings) Use a variable named topping1 and another named topping2. Print a sentence that uses both variables names. Example solution: My favourite pizza is ham and mushroom. Printing Number Variables Within Sentences To join strings and number values then you must use a comma as a plus will not work: cookies = 4 print ( "Munch! There's only" , cookies , "left." ) = Munch! There's only 4 cookies left. You need to use a comma before and after each variable. Using Variables Task 2 ( Stars ) Make a variable named stars and set it to a large number. Print a sentence with the stars variable. Example solution: I think there are 827392012 stars in the sky! Using Variables Task 3 ( Age & Month) Use a variable named age and set it to your current age. Make a variable named month and set it to the month you were born. Remember to use speech marks for text , e.g. month = "August" but no speech marks for numbers (your age). Print a sentence that uses both variables names . Example solution: I am 14 and I was born in August. Using f-Strings Another method of using variables within a printed sentence is to use f-strings . Type the letter f before your output and place your variable names in curly brackets - { } Variables of any data type can be used with f-strings. name = "Tony Stark" alias = "Iron Man" print( f"Did you know {name} is actually {alias} ?" ) = Did you know Tony Stark is actually Iron Man? Using Variables Task 4 ( F-Strings) Create and give a value to three variables : movie_name actor year Use an f-string to print a sentence that uses all three variables. Example solution: Did you know that Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix stars Daniel Radcliffe and was released in 2007? ⬅ 1c - Creating Variables Sec tion 1 Practice Tasks ➡

Learn about the decomposition methods used in project planning such as abstraction, pattern recognition, modularisation (top down and bottom up) and parsing of requirements. Based on Unit F160 (Fundamentals of Application Development) for the OCR Cambridge Advanced National in Computing (H029 / H129) (AAQ - Alternative Academic Qualification). Qualification: Cambridge Advanced National in Computing (AAQ) Unit: F160: Fundamentals of Application Development Certificate: Computing: Application Development (H029 / H129) 4.3 - Decomposition Methods Watch on YouTube : Abstraction Pattern Recognition Modularisation Parsing of Requirements Decomposition methods break complex problems or systems into smaller , more manageable parts . This makes development easier to plan , understand and implement . Decomposition also helps reduce errors and improve efficiency , as individual tasks can be more easily tested and debugged. For each of the four decomposition methods ( abstraction , pattern recognition , top-down and bottom-up modularisation and parsing requirements ) you need to know when each method is suitable to use , its advantages and disadvantages , how client requirements affect their selection and how they can be used to visualise application designs . Decomposition Methods Abstraction Abstraction is the process of simplifying a problem by ignoring irrelevant data and focusing only on the most important details . It is used in the early stages of design or planning , when managing complexity in large systems and when creating reusable components . Pattern Recognition Pattern recognition is used to identify similarities or trends in problems or client requirements . This allows for the reuse of existing components and aids in finding solutions for common issues . It is used during the planning or analysis phases and when dealing with similar tasks , inputs , outputs or processes . Modularisation Modularisation refers to the individual components that make up a larger project . In top-down modularisation , a larger system is broken down from a general overview into its most specific parts . The purpose of bottom-up modularisation is to build the system starting with the smaller , detailed components and combining them into larger subsystems . Parsing of Requirements To parse requirements means to systematically break down and analyse client requirements into actionable tasks or functions . It is used at the start of a project to ensure shared understanding between development teams and clients . Q uesto's Q uestions 4.3 - Decomposition Methods: 1. Explain the differences between top-down and bottom-up modularisation . [4 ] 2. Explain when abstraction would be an appropriate decomposition method to use. [3 ] 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of parsing requirements ? [ 4 ] 4. Give one way each decomposition method can be used in software application development . [ 4 ] Alan Turing and his team used pattern recognition to analyse recurring sequences in encrypted German messages , helping to break the Enigma code , which was a major factor in the Allies’ victory in World War II . D id Y ou K now? 4.2 - Client Requirement Specs Topic List 5.1.1 - Human-Computer Interaction

Learn about the negative impacts that data loss will have on an organisation including reputation loss, fines and possible bankruptcy. Based on the 2016 OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT specification for Unit 2 (Global Information). 6.3 - Impacts Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 2 If a risk to data (see 6.2 ) occurs then there are a number of different impacts that may consequently negatively affect an organisation . Loss of Intellectual Property 'Intellectual property ' refers to anything that an organisation or individual has designed, developed or created themselves . For an individual, this could be a manuscript , artwork or piece of music . For an organisation, it could be primary data they have collected, blueprints for an upcoming design or a report following data analysis. The impact of having intellectual property lost depends on the property itself and how easy it would be for the victim to recreate or recollect the data . Competitors that stole intellectual property could use it at their advantage. Also, the effect of an upcoming announcement to the public would decrease if it was leaked ahead of time. In 2017 HBO suffered large property leaks when Game of Thrones episodes were stolen before air date resulting in pirated versions appearing online well before they were due to be shown on TV. Loss of Service and Access If usernames and passwords are stolen then individuals may be unable to access services that they have paid for, an example being if WiFi details were stolen so that a hacker can access the internet using someone else's account. If a hacker is permitted access to a system they can change the account settings such as the password to lock out the original owners of that account, leaving them without access. Other services can be targeted with malicious attacks like a DDOS attack so that users cannot log into a web page or online service. If users cannot access an account they may use alternative methods and providers , such as avoiding one type of cloud storage provider that has let them down and choosing another. Breach of Confidential Information Confidential information is of a highly sensitive nature and could lead to other negative impacts if it got into the hands of unauthorised people . Confidential information, such as medical histories, should be stored securely with multiple physical and logical protections in place to ensure that it keeps its integrity . If confidential information was breached then it could lead to a loss of reputation as the holder would be regarded as ineffective at protecting the data . Legal consequences would also follow as the Data Protection Act ( 2018 ) would be broken : fines, court cases and even imprisonment would be possible further impacts. An organisation would expect to see penalties from the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) if they failed to protect personal details by breaking the DPA . Loss of Third Party Data Many organisations will store data not only for their own purposes but for other individuals and businesses too; a key example being cloud storage providers . Users can store data on public cloud services such as Google Drive or DropBox and access their information using the internet from any networked device they please. If services like cloud storage services are hacked or taken offline (e.g. because of an attack or network problems) and data is lost then customers, especially those that pay, will be furious. This will lead to a loss of reputation, trust and even legal proceedings if personal and sensitive data is lost. Larger businesses will use private cloud storage, hosted in data centres that they maintain themselves, to avoid relying on third parties . Loss of Reputation Organisations spend years to build up a reputation where customers trust them and want to use their products or services. Data loss can immediately destroy that reputation and cause once-loyal customers to look elsewhere and choose their competitors . Failing to keep data safe means that an organisation has been unable to follow their legal and moral duty of keeping information secure and could lead to a loss of trade , resulting in reduced earnings and sales . Identity Theft If an individual's personal information is stolen by attackers then one impact is identity theft - when the attacker uses the victim's data for fraud or impersonation . Identity theft can lead to financial loss to the victim if loans , products or services are purchased in their name . The victim may have to contact their bank and other organisations to cancel transactions and there is no guarantee their money will be returned. Credit checks may be affected, leading to future financial difficulty for the victim. Threat to National Security If data of a classified nature (such as military arrangements, security weak-points or upcoming government plans) is lost and falls into the hands (most probably by hacking) of those who intend to bring harm to the country then the consequences can be disastrous. Spies of foreign countries or terrorists could use classified information to target vulnerable locations or events resulting in casualties. Threats could also be economic in nature if large amounts of money are stolen or redirected to malicious bodies. Recent Examples of Security Failure Q uesto's Q uestions 6.3 - Impacts: 1. Describe how each of the impacts above could affect a bank storing large amounts of customer data including financial records. [12 ] 2. Research three recent hacking examples . For each situation describe the impacts that occurred as a result of data loss . [12 ] Click the icons to read BBC News articles about recent examples of hacks and security breaches . Virgin Media Boots Marriott Hotels Facebook Messenger 6.2 - Risks Topic List 6.4 - Protection Measures

Learn about the four logical operators - NOT, AND, OR and XOR - and truth tables. Based on the 2020 Eduqas (WJEC) GCSE specification. 2.1: Logical Operators & Truth Tables Exam Board: Eduqas Specification: 2020 What is a logical operator? Inside of each computer system are millions of transistors . These are tiny switches that can either be turned on (represented in binary by the number 1 ) or turned off (represented by 0 ). Logical operators are symbols used to represent circuits of transistors within a computer. The four most common operators are: NOT AND OR XOR What is a truth table? A truth table is a visual way of displaying all possible outcomes of a logical operator. The input and output values in a truth table must be a Boolean value - usually 0 or 1 but occasionally True or False. NOT A NOT logical operator will produce an output which is the opposite of the input . NOT is represented by a horizontal line . Boolean Algebra Notation written as NOT A A Truth Table AND An AND logical operator will output 1 only if both inputs are also 1 . AND is represented by a full stop. Boolean Algebra Notation written as A AND B A.B Truth Table OR An OR logical operator will output 1 if either input is 1 . OR is represented by a plus. Boolean Algebra Notation written as A OR B A+B Truth Table XOR An XOR (exclusive OR) logical operator will output 1 if the inputs are different and output 0 if the inputs are the same . XOR is represented by a circled plus. Boolean Algebra Notation written as A XOR B A B Truth Table Multiple Operations Exam questions will ask you complete truth tables that use more than one logical operator . Work out each column in turn from left to right and look carefully at which column you need to use. Simplification You may be asked to use a truth table to simplify an expression . This is actually really easy. Once you've completed the truth table see if any columns match the final expression . A+B and A+(A+B) both result in the same values , therefore: A+(A+B) can be simplified as just A+B. Q uesto's Q uestions 2.1 - Logical Operators: 1. Copy and complete the following truth tables: 1b. Simplify the expression in the second truth table. 2a. A cinema uses a computer system to monitor how many seats have been allocated for upcoming movies. If both the premium seats and the standard seats are sold out then the system will display a message. State the type of logical operator in this example. 2b. For the more popular movies, the cinema's computer system will also display a message if either the premium seats or the standard seats have exclusively been sold out. However, it will not output a message when both have been sold out. State the type of logical operator in this example. 1.6 - Additional Hardware 2.2 - Boolean Algebra Theory Topics

Learn about pseudocode, procedural programming, big O notation (constant, linear, polynomial (quadratic), exponential, linearithmic and logartihmic) and the complexity of different data structure, sorting and searching algorithms. Based on the OCR H446 Computer Science A-Level specification. Exam Board: OCR A-Level Specification: Computer Science H446 3.1a - 3.1d - Algorithm Complexity Watch on YouTube : Pseudocode Procedural programming Big O notation Algorithm complexity Pseudocode Pseudocode is a simplified , language-independent way of writing algorithms that looks like programming but uses plain English to describe the steps clearly without worrying about exact syntax . The OCR A-Level Computer Science course uses a form of pseudocode unique to the exam board called 'OCR exam reference language ' that all code in exams will be written in . OCR exam reference language uses closing commands such as endif for an if statement and endwhile for a while loop . It also uses the word then instead of a colon like in Python . YouTube video uploading soon Procedural Language A procedural language , such as Python or Java , is a programming language that structures programs as sequences of step-by-step instructions grouped into procedures or functions . It focuses on breaking tasks into smaller , reusable blocks of code that operate on data , making programs easier to write , understand and maintain . This topic is in both Paper 1 and Paper 2 . YouTube video uploading soon Big O Notation O(n) Big O Notation is a way of describing how the time complexity (how long an algorithm takes ) and space complexity (how much memory it uses ) grows as the size of the input increases . This allows algorithms to be compared in terms of efficiency , using the letter n to refer to the size of the input . Complexity types: Constant - O(1) - The algorithm’s time or space stays the same no matter how large the input is . Linear - O(n) - The time or memory grows directly in proportion to the size of the input . Polynomial - O(n²) - The growth increases in proportion to the square of the input , often seen in algorithms with nested loops . Exponential - O(2ⁿ) - The time or memory doubles with each additional input element , becoming extremely slow very quickly . Logarithmic - O(log n) - The algorithm’s time grows very slowly as the input size increases , often achieved by repeatedly halving the data . Linearithmic - O(n log n) - A combination of linear and logarithmic behaviour, common in efficient sorting algorithms like merge sort . YouTube video uploading soon Algorithm Complexity Best-case , average-case and worst-case complexity describe how an algorithm performs under different input conditions . Best-case complexity is the time or space required when the algorithm meets the most favourable input , allowing it to finish as quickly or efficiently as possible . Average-case complexity represents the expected performance across typical or random inputs , giving a realistic view of how the algorithm behaves in normal use . Worst-case complexity is the maximum time or space the algorithm could ever require , used to guarantee performance even in the least favourable situation . Sorting and searching algorithms often have different case complexities for time and space . YouTube video uploading soon This page is under active development. Check here for the latest progress update. Q uesto's K ey T erms Pseudocode Procedural Language: input, output, comments, variables, casting, count-controlled iteration, condition-controlled iteration, logical operators, selection, string handling, subroutines, arrays, files Big O Notation: time complexity, space complexity, constant, linear, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, linearithmic, best-case, average-case, worst-case D id Y ou K now? Minecraft doesn’t load the entire world at once ; instead, it divides the world into chunks and only generates or loads the chunks near the player . Finding , saving and retrieving these chunks uses data structures like trees and hash maps , which allow the game to look up a chunk in about O(log n) or even O(1) time , minimising lag even in large worlds . 2.2 - Computational Methods A-Level Topics 3.1e - Data Structure Algorithms

Test your understanding of for loops and while loops in Python. Try practice tasks and learn through text and images. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. top Python - Section 6 Practice Tasks Task One: Odd Numbers Use a for loop to print all odd numbers between 50 and 70 . You will need to use three values in the range brackets, including a step . Requirements for full marks: A comment at the start to explain what a for loop is. Use just two lines of code. Example solution: 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 Task Two: Fish Rhyme Use two separate for loops and some additional print lines to output this nursery rhyme: "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Once I caught a fish alive, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 then I let it go again" in the format shown . Requirements for full marks: Two for loops and two additional print lines (6 lines total). Example solution: 1 2 3 4 5 Once I caught a fish alive. 6 7 8 9 10 Then I let it go again. Task Three: Username & Password Create a program using a while loop that keeps asking a user to enter a username and a password until they are both correct . It may be easier to use a while True loop . You will need to use the and command in an if statement within the loop. Requirements for full marks: A comment at the start to explain what a while loop is. Example solution: Enter username: Ben43 Enter password: hamster Incorrect, please try again. Enter username: Ben44 Enter password: ben123 Incorrect, please try again. Enter username: Ben43 Enter password: ben123 Correct Correct login. Welcome Ben43 Task Four: Colour or Number Use a while True loop to let the user enter either A , B or C . A lets them guess a secret colour . B lets them guess a secret number . C breaks the loop , ending the program. Example solution: Enter A to guess a colour, B to guess a number, C to quit: A Guess the colour: green Incorrect! Enter A to guess a colour, B to guess a number, C to quit: A Guess the colour: pink Correct! Enter A to guess a colour, B to guess a number, C to quit: B Guess the number: 4 Incorrect! Enter A to guess a colour, B to guess a number, C to quit: C Quitting program... ⬅ 6b - W hile Loops 7a - Procedures ➡

Learn about security threats, including botnets and DDoS attacks and both physical and digital security mitigations. Resources based on Unit F161 (Developing Application Software) for the OCR Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Computing (H029 / H129) AAQ (Alternative Academic Qualification). Qualification: Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Computing (AAQ) Certificate: Computing: Application Development (H029 / H129) Unit: F161: Developing Application Software 4.1 - Security Considerations Watch on YouTube: Security threats Physical security Digital security You need to know the risks that specific security threats pose to applications , including botnets , DDoS attacks , hacking and malware . You need to know how both physical security mitigations (e.g. biometrics , locks and RFID ) and digital security mitigations (e.g. encryption , firewalls and anti-malware ) protect application software against threats . What You Need to Know Security Threats Common threats to application software include: Botnet A botnet is a group of compromised devices that are remotely controlled by an attacker , often without their owners knowing , and used together to carry out malicious activities . DoS / DDoS Attack A Denial of Service (DoS ) attack attempts to make a system or service unavailable by overwhelming it with requests or traffic . A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS ) attack does this using many devices at the same time , often through a botnet . Hacking Hacking is the process of gaining unauthorised access to a computer system , network or data . This potentially allows data to be viewed , changed , stolen or deleted . Lack of Supplier Support A lack of supplier support occurs when a developer no longer provides updates , security patches or technical assistance for its software , leaving newly discovered vulnerabilities potentially unfixed . Malicious Spam Malicious spam is unwanted messages sent to large numbers of users that contain harmful or deceptive content . This may include links designed to steal information or distribute malware . Malware Malware is software intentionally designed to damage , disrupt or gain unauthorised access to systems or data . Examples include viruses , worms , ransomware and spyware . Out-of-date Software Out-of-date Hardware Out-of-date Firmware Out-of-date software may contain known security vulnerabilities that newer versions have fixed , making it easier for attackers to compromise the system . Out-of-date hardware may lack modern security features , be incompatible with newer security software or no longer receive support from its manufacturer . Firmware is software built into a device that controls how its hardware operates . Out-of-date firmware may contain unpatched security vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit to access or interfere with the device . Physical Security Mitigations Physical security mitigations are measures used to prevent unauthorised physical access to systems that run application software . Biometrics Biometrics use unique physical characteristics, such as fingerprints or facial features , to verify a person's identity and prevent unauthorised users from physically accessing devices and application software . Cable Locks Cable locks physically secure devices such as laptops to a fixed object like a table , reducing the risk of equipment being stolen and the application software or data on it being accessed . Cameras Cameras like CCTV can monitor and record areas containing computer equipment , helping to deter unauthorised access or theft and providing evidence if a security incident occurs . Locks Locks restrict physical access to rooms , cabinets or equipment for unauthorised people , helping prevent devices and the application software they contain from being accessed , stolen or damaged . RFID Radio Frequency Identification (RFID ) uses radio waves to communicate wirelessly between an RFID tag or card and a reader . It can be used to identify authorised users and control physical access to restricted areas , such as server rooms . Safe A safe provides secure physical storage for devices or storage media , protecting them against unauthorised access , theft and potentially physical damage . Swipe Cards Swipe cards require users to swipe or scan an authorised card to enter restricted areas , preventing unauthorised people from physically accessing devices and systems containing application software . Digital Security Mitigations Digital security mitigations use software and technology to protect applications and data from security threats . Access Rights Access rights control what resources and actions different users are allowed to access , such as viewing , editing or deleting data . This helps prevent unauthorised access or changes . Anti-Malware Anti-malware is software that detects , blocks and removes malware , such as a virus or worm . It helps prevent malicious software from damaging applications , stealing data or gaining unauthorised access . Back-up A back-up creates a separate copy of data that can be restored if the original is lost , damaged or corrupted , for example following a malware attack or hardware failure . Cryptography Cryptography uses mathematical techniques to protect data and communications , helping keep data confidential , verify its authenticity and prevent unauthorised changes . 2FA Two-factor authentication (2FA ) requires a user to provide two different forms of authentication before gaining access , such as a password plus a code from another device . This makes unauthorised access more difficult if one factor is compromised . Encryption Encryption converts data (plaintext ) into an unreadable form (ciphertext ) that requires the correct key to decrypt . It prevents unauthorised users from understanding the data if they gain access . Encryption at rest protects stored data , such as files on a device or records in a database , if the storage is accessed or stolen . Encryption in transit protects data while it is being transferred across a network , reducing the risk of intercepted data being read . Firewall A firewall monitors and controls network traffic using security rules , helping prevent unauthorised or suspicious connections . A hardware firewall is a physical network device , often built into a router , that can protect multiple devices by filtering traffic entering or leaving a network . A software firewall is installed on a specific device that monitors and controls network traffic for that device and its applications . Q uesto's Q uestions 4.1 - Security Considerations: 1. Describe the following security threats : botnets , DoS/DDoS attacks , hacking , lack of supplier support , malicious spam and malware . [ 2 each ] 2. Explain why out-of-date software , hardware and firmware can create security risks for application software . [3 ] 3. Explain how physical security measures , including biometrics , cable locks , cameras , locks , RFID , safes and swipe cards , can protect application software and systems. [2 each ] 4. Explain how access rights , anti-malware , backups , cryptography , encryption , firewalls and 2FA can protect application software from security threats. [2 each ] 5. For an online mobile game , recommend suitable physical and digital security mitigations and justify how they would protect against specific threats . [6 ] The WannaCry ransomware attack of 2017 affected hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide , including NHS systems . It exploited a vulnerability in older or unpatched Windows systems and resulted in an estimated 19,000 NHS appointments and operations being cancelled . D id Y ou K now? 3.2 - Protocols Topic List 5.1 - Testing

Learn about the methods of gathering client requirements such as document analysis, focus groups, interviews, meetings, observation, problem reports, questionnaires, shadowing and suggestion analysis. Based on Unit F160 (Fundamentals of Application Development) for the OCR Cambridge Advanced National in Computing (H029 / H129) (AAQ - Alternative Academic Qualification). Qualification: Cambridge Advanced National in Computing (AAQ) Unit: F160: Fundamentals of Application Development Certificate: Computing: Application Development (H029 / H129) 4.1 - Methods of Gathering Client Requirements Watch on YouTube : Gathering Client Requirements For each of the nine methods of gathering client requirements , you need to know : Its purpose and when it would be used . The type of information and data that can be collected using it. The advantages and disadvantages of using it. How client requirements determine if it would be used. Gathering Client Requirements Methods of Gathering Client Requirements T here are nine methods of gathering client requirements you need to know : Reviewing existing documents (e.g. manuals and reports ) to understand the current system and requirements . Gathering a small group of users or stakeholders to discuss needs , expectations and ideas . Asking stakeholders structured or open-ended questions to collect detailed requirements . Bringing together clients and developers to share information , clarify requirements , and make decisions . Watching users perform tasks to see how they interact with the current system . Using logged issues or complaints from an existing system to identify new requirements . Distributing structured forms with questions to gather requirements from a wide group quickly . Following a user during their normal tasks to gain deeper insights into workflows and needs . Reviewing client or user-submitted ideas and feedback to shape requirements . Q uesto's Q uestions 4.1 - Methods of Gathering Client Requirements: 1. Explain what document analysis , problem reports , shadowing and suggestion analysis are. [8 ] 2. Give two advantages and two disadvantages of two other methods not mentioned in Q1 . [8 ] 3. The video game company that makes the ' Age of the Dragon ' series faced a letdown in their previous release , ' The Guard of the Veil '. They need to ensure that their next game sells a lot of copies and meets user requirements . Justify which methods they should use to gather client requirements and why . [ 5 ] The original 2010 movie version of ' Scott Pilgrim vs. the World ' had Scott end up with Knives Chau instead of Ramona Flowers , but focus groups disliked that he spent the whole movie fighting for her for nothing , so it was changed . D id Y ou K now? 3.2 - Project Planning Tools Topic List 4.2 - Client Requirement Specifications

The fifth part of a quick guide to the basics of Python aimed at Key Stage 3 students. Learn about how selection works and how to use if statements. Python - #5 - Selection 1. Using if Statements Using if enables your program to make a choice . There are a few things you need to remember : if is lowercase - it should turn orange. You must use double equals == You need a colon : at the end of your if line. The line below your if line must be indented . Task 1 - Create a new Python program and save the file as 5-Selection.py Use the picture to help you ask what your favourite food is . Run the program and test it works. To indent a line press the tab key on your keyboard. Indentation is important as it tells Python what is within the if statement and what isn't. 2. Using elif elif stands for 'else if '. It is used to respond in a different way depending on the input. elif works exactly the same as an if line so if you make a mistake look up at task 1 to help you. Task 2 - Write an elif line that responds differently to your favourite food question from task 1. e.g. "Yum!" if someone enters "pasta". 3. Using else It is impractical to have hundreds of elif lines to respond to different inputs. else is used to respond to anything else that has been entered in a general way. The else line works a bit differently, so look carefully at the picture . Task 3 - Write an else line that responds to anything else the user enters for your favourite food question. 4. Multiple elifs Despite what you did in task 3, programs can be expanded with more than one elif line. Underneath your first elif line but before your else line, add at least two more elif sections that respond differently depending on what is entered. Use the elif line from the task 2 picture to help you. Task 4 - Read the description above and use task 2 to help you. Challenge Programs Use everything that you have learned on this page to help you create these programs... Challenge Task 1 - Spanish Translation Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 5-Translator.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Create a program that asks for a number between 1 and 4. Use if and elif statements to see what the user has entered and print a statement that displays the chosen number in Spanish - use the image to help you understand. BONUS : Add an else line for any numbers higher than 4. When you run it, it could look something like this: Challenge Task 2 - Able to Vote Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 5-Vote.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Create a program that asks for their age. Use an if statement to see if the age is more than 17 (use > instead of ==). If the age is over 17, then print "You are old enough to vote!" Use an else statement to print a different message for everyone else. When you run it, it could look something like this: Challenge Task 3 - Totals Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 5-Totals.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Use an int input line to ask the user for number 1. Use an int input line to a sk the user for number 2. Multiply the two numbers together and save it into a variable called total. If the total is over 9000, then print "It's over 9,000!!!" Use an else statement to print the total if it is less than 9000. When you run it, it could look something like this: <<< #4 Calculations #6 Turtle >>>

Navigate between all Unit 2 (Global Information) topics in the OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT 2016 specification. OCR Cambridge Technicals IT Level 3 Unit 2: Global Information These pages are based on content from the OCR Cambridge Technicals 2016 Level 3 IT specification . This website is in no way affiliated with OCR . This qualification stopped in July 2025. The pages on the site will remain for at least two years. LO1 (Devices & The Internet ) 1.1 - Holders of Information 1.2 - Storage Media 1.3 - Access & Storage Devices 1.4 - Internet Connections 1.5 - WWW Technologies 1.6 - Information Formats 1.7 & 1.8 - Internet Pros & Cons LO2 (Information Styles & Quality ) 2.1 - Information Styles 2.2 - Information Classification 2.3 - Quality of Information 2.4 - Information Management LO3 (Categories & Analysis ) 3.1 - Data vs. Information 3.2 & 3.3 - Information Categories 3.4 - Stages of Data Analysis 3.5 - Data Analysis Tools 3.6 - Information Systems LO4 (Legislation ) 4.1 - UK Legislation 4.2 - Global Legislation 4.3 - Green IT LO5 (Flow of Information ) 5.1 - Data Types & Sources 5.2 - Data Flow Diagrams LO6 (Security & Protection ) 6.1 - Security Principles 6.2 - Risks 6.3 - Impacts 6.4 - Protection Measures 6.5 - Physical Protection 6.6 - Logical Protection

The first part of a quick guide to the basics of Python aimed at Key Stage 3 students. Learn about comments and printing. Python - #1 - The Basics 1. Start with Commenting Programmers write A LOT of code. They need to understand exactly what they have written, especially if they are working as part of a team or returning to code after working on other projects. To help them understand what they have written, programmers use comments to annotate (explain) their code . Task 1 - Create a new Python program and use # to write a comment that says your name and the date. Save the file as 1-Basics.py In Python, type the # symbol then your message to write a comment. Comments are not printed when you run a program! It is a good idea to start every program with a comment, so you know what the program is about . 2. Printing to the Screen The most basic and common command you will use in Python is print . Inside the print brackets, you can write a message within speech marks . Your print command should turn purple - don't use any capital letters in Python unless it is inside speech marks! Task 2 - Write a nice message by using the print command, brackets and speech marks. Press F5 to run your program. 3. More Printing You can write multiple print lines one after another to print on different lines. Task 3 - Add two more print lines to your program. You can choose any message that you like. 4. New Lines You can use the special command \n to start a new line . This allows you to write on multiple lines but only use one print line. Use the backslash ( \ ) not the forward-slash ( / ). Task 4 - Use \n to write a 3 sentence conversation in only one line of code. Challenge Programs Use everything that you have learned on this page to help you create these programs... Challenge Task 1 - Days of the Week Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 1-Week.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Create a program that prints the days of the week, with each day on a new line. BONUS : Try to use only one print line. BONUS : Have no empty spaces at the start of each line. When you run it, it should look like this: Challenge Task 2 - Conversation Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 1-Conversation.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Create a program that prints a 6-line conversation between two people. It is up to you what these two people are talking about. BONUS : Try to use only one print line. BONUS : Have no empty spaces at the start of each line. When you run it, it could look something like this: #2 Variables >>>