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Learn how to play sound files in Greenfoot. Part 5 of the Greenfoot Tutorial for the Eduqas / WJEC GCSE 2016 specification. 5. Play Sounds 1. Check the Sounds Folder Greenfoot Tutorial Sound files must be placed the ' sounds ' folder of your Greenfoot project to be used in the game. In the Component 2 exam of the WJEC / Eduqas 2016 specification , an audio file will be placed in the sounds folder already . For this example game you can download the audio clips to the right and paste them into your sounds folder . Watch on YouTube: Click the audio icon to download a zip folder of the two sound files below . Copy the files into the sounds folder of your Greenfoot project . < Part 4 - Remove Objects 2. Add the playSound Method Add the code to play the sound at the same time as when the collectible object is removed . The name of the file and its extension (e.g. .wav or .mp3 ) must be written in speech marks after the playSound method. Part 6 - The Counter >

Learn about the four network topology types - bus, ring, star and mesh - plus advantages and disadvantages of each. Based on the 2020 Eduqas (WJEC) GCSE specification. 3.3: Network Topology Exam Board: Eduqas Specification: 2020 What is a network topology? Network topology refers to layout of computer systems on a network . Devices in a network topology diagram are often called 'nodes' . What are the different types of network topology? Bus Topology The nodes are connected to a bus (a central cable along which all data is transferred across the network). How it works: Data packets are sent along the main cable (sometimes known as the 'backbone') from the source computer to each other system in turn . Each system checks the destination address of the data packets. If the addresses match then the data is accepted otherwise it is passed on to the next system. Terminators are required at both ends of the bus to mark the end of the cable. Advantages: Because of the simple layout, it is easy to attach another system to the main cable without disrupting the whole network . A bus topology is quick to set up once the main cable has been established making it optimal for temporary networks . A bus topology is cost-effective because it usually contains less cabling than other topologies and requires no additional hardware (like a hub or switch). Disadvantages: Poor security as data packets are passed on to each system on the network. Data collisions are likely - this is when two systems attempt to transfer data on the same line at the exact same time. Resending the data wastes time and slows down the network . The main cable will only have a limited length which can become crowded and slows the network speed as more systems are attached. The main cable must also be terminated properly . Ring Topology Computer systems are connected together in a single loop . How it works: Packets are transferred around the ring in one direction , passing from one computer system to the next in a loop . As the packets arrive at each computer system, the computer checks the destination address contained in the data packet to see if it matches its own address. If the addresses match the computer accepts and processes the data packet, otherwise it passes it on to the next system. Advantages: Data collisions are avoided as data packets are transmitted in one direction around the ring. Attaching more systems to a ring topology won't affect the transfer speed (bandwidth ) as much as other layouts like a bus topology because the data is transferred at a consistent speed . Disadvantages: If any system on the network fails then the whole network fails as the loop is broken and data can't be transferred to all systems. To add a new system to a ring topology the network must be temporarily shut down . Star Topology Each computer system is connected to a central device , usually a hub or switch . How it works: Each computer system is connected to the central hub or switch and transfers its data packets there. The hub or switch looks at the destination address and transfers the packets directly to the intended computer. Advantages: A star topology has improved security because data packets are sent directly to and from the hub / switch in the centre and not necessarily all devices like in a bus or ring topology. New systems can be attached directly to the central system so the network doesn't need to be shut down . System failures of attached computers won't usually cause complete network failure. Transfer speeds are generally fast in a star topology as there are minimal network collisions . Disadvantages: Extra hardware (the hub or switch) is required to be purchased, installed and maintained. If the central system (the hub or switch) fails then the whole network will be unusable until the error is fixed. Mesh Topology In a full mesh network, each computer system is connected to every other computer system . There is also a partial mesh network where only some nodes (e.g. a printer) are connected to every other node. How it works: Data packets are transferred to the destination address along the quickest path , travelling from node to node. If a pathway is broken , there are many alternative paths that the packets can take. Advantages: If one cable or system fails then data packets can take an alternative route and still reach the destination address. Because of the large possible number of systems and connections, a mesh topology can usually withstand large amounts of data traffic . New systems can be added to the network without disrupting the entire topology . Disadvantages: Because of the possibly large amount of cables required (especially in a full mesh topology) this network layout can be expensive to install and maintain . Redundant cabling should be avoided - this is when cables are connected between systems that won't ever need to communicate . Q uesto's Q uestions 3.3 - Network Topology: 1. Draw and label diagrams of all four topologies . [12 ] 2a. A school currently uses a bus topology but is considering changing to a ring topology . Describe two advantages and two disadvantages of both topologies. [ 8 ] 2b. An office currently uses a star topology but is considering changing to a mesh topology . Describe two advantages and two disadvantages of both topologies. [ 8 ] 3.2 - Data Packets & Switching Theory Topics 3.4 - Network Hardware & Routing

Learn about the benefits of compression and the differences between lossy and lossless compression. Also, learn how compression ratios work. Based on the 2020 Eduqas (WJEC) GCSE specification. 4.8: Compression Exam Board: Eduqas Specification: 2020 What is compression? To compress a file means to make its size smaller . Benefits of compression include: Files take up less storage space (so more files can be stored). Files can be transferred quicker (because they are smaller). Files can be read from or written to quicker . There are two methods that are used to compress files: Lossy and Lossless . Lossy Compression Lossy compression uses an algorithm (set of instructions) to analyse a file and remove data that cannot be heard or seen by humans . For example, a lossy algorithm would analyse the sound waves of an audio file and remove any frequencies which humans cannot hear. This process reduces the size of the file . Further lossy compression will remove data that humans can see / hear . For example, the dog image to the right has been strongly compressed using a lossy algorithm and some data has clearly been removed. Lossy compression removes the data permanently , so the file can never return to its original form . Lossy compression is often used with images , audio and video to reduce the file size, for example to send over the internet. Lossless Compression Lossless compression reduces the size of a file without permanently removing any data . Because of this, the file is returned to its original form when decompressed, so no quality is lost . A file that is compressed with a lossless algorithm is usually larger than a file compressed with a lossy algorithm because no data has been permanently removed. Lossless compression is used with files that would not work if data was removed, for example executable files (e.g. programs and games) or word documents . Remember that lossy and lossless compression do not just refer to images. Below is an audio file that has been compressed with lossy compression . Data has been removed so the audio quality has decreased. 197 KB 81 KB 43 KB Compression Ratios Original File Size Compression Ratio = Compressed File Size 4 Mb = 5:1 20 Mb Example: A file has been compressed from 20 megabytes down to 4 megabytes. This is a compression ratio of 5:1. To calculate the size after compression , divide the original size by the first ratio value, then multiply it by the second value. For example, the new size for file 1 is (210 ÷ 10) x 3 = 63 MB. Triple-click the final column to see the right answers. Q uesto's Q uestions 4.8 - Compression: 1. Describe 3 benefits of compressing a file . [ 3 ] 2. Describe the differences between lossy and lossless compression . [4 ] 3. A student needs to compress a Microsoft Word document to send in an email. Suggest which type of compression they should use and why . [ 2 ] 4a. A text file was 72 KB and was compressed to 8 KB . State the compression ratio . 4b. An audio file was 4.5 MB and has been compressed to 0.9 MB. State the ratio. 4c. A 20 MB file is compressed with a ratio of 5:2 . What is the size of the compressed file ? [ 1 each ] 63MB 164KB 96KB 4.7 Sound Representation Theory Topics 5.1 - Data Structures

Learn about different types of tools used in the data analysis process including data visualisation, data cleaning and GIS. Based on the 2016 OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT specification for Unit 2 (Global Information). 3.5 - Data Analysis Tools Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 2 The fifth stage of data analysis is to select the most appropriate tools to analyse the collected data. The method(s) selected will depend on the type of project and the established objectives. Data Tables Databases are often split into tables to be easier to update , view and manipulate . For example, a supermarket database may include a table of product information, another table of suppliers and another for actual stock levels. Separating the data into tables allows for simpler editing and also allows for the display of basic patterns . For example, looking at a table of stock levels in a supermarket can quickly show which products need to be ordered in as they are close to selling out. Data tables allow for the most simple form of pattern discovery and are a good method of speedy, short-term data analysis . However they present data in its current format and cannot show change or trends over time - a product may have a high stock level because it is popular and has just been ordered in, rather than because no-one is buying it. A simplified data table for a supermarket. Visualisation of Data Visualising data (by producing a chart or graph of collected data for example) makes it easier for an audience to see trends and patterns . Visualising data, like the bar chart to the right of the supermarket table from the tool above, makes it easier to understand and quicker to interpret . In this example, It is easier to see using the chart that steak pies are low in stock and should be re-ordered soon. A bar chart of the supermarket data table. Trend & Pattern Identification This tool links heavily to visualisation of data in allowing trends and patterns to be viewed as a visual format - such as producing a line graph of last year’s stock sales. Statistical analysis allows data analysts to examine numerical data and, if done correctly, can highlight relationships between different data elements - such as the price of a product and how many have been sold. Discovering links between variables is known as regression analysis . Data Cleaning Data cleaning ensures that any stored data is up-to-date and accurate , in accordance with the Data Protection Act ( 2018 ). Forms of data cleaning include removing customers who have not made a purchase in a certain amount of time (e.g. two years) and periodically checking that user addresses are up to date. Data cleaning would reduce the size of any data table by removing redundant, incorrect or unnecessary data . This would make it easier to work with the data table and would improve the data quality by removing erroneous and irrelevant data. GIS / Location Mapping Geographic Information Systems (GIS ) can be used to add geographic data to any analysis. For example, an organisation can track the geographical location of items or staff e.g. tracking the movement of shipping containers around the world to see production flow. This also works for courier services to see delays and delivery times in real-time . Q uesto's Q uestions 3.5 - Data Analysis Tools: 1. Describe how Fresh Food UK, from the question in 3.4 , could use each of the data analysis tools when trying to determine and present the most profitable stores across the country in the past year . a. Data Tables [3 ] b. Visualisation of Data [3 ] c. Trend & Pattern Identification [3 ] d. Data Cleaning [3 ] e. GIS / Location Mapping [3 ] 3.4 - Stages of Data Analysis Topic List 3.6 - Information Systems

Learn about arrays, records and SQL (structured query language) including the SELECT, FROM and WHERE commands. Based on the J277 OCR GCSE Computer Science specification (first taught from 2020 onwards). Exam Board: OCR Specification: J277 2.3: Additional Programming Techniques Watch on YouTube : String Manipulation File Handling Arrays Subprograms Random Numbers SQL This section of the specification includes programming topics that are outlined in 1.2 (Designing Algorithms). You must have an understanding of more complex programming techniques , such as how to manipulate strings , handle files and use subprograms . The best practice for learning is to try the tasks in the Python pages on this website (see the link to the right). Visit the Python section of CSNewbs ---> Subprograms What is a subprogram? Large programs are often broken down into smaller subprograms (also called subroutines ). Each subprogram focuses on a specific function of the code, helping to decompose a complex problem into more manageable chunks . Defining subprograms A subprogram is defined (identified) using the def command in Python. A program may use many subprograms , which are usually defined at the start of the code . Calling subprograms Running a line of code that includes the name of a subprogram will call (activate) it. When called , the program will run the subprogram code before returning back to the line that called it . Subprograms are only run when called , so depending on decisions made, a program may end without calling every (or any) subroutine. Parameters A parameter is a value that is passed into a subprogram when it is called , allowing the value to be used within the subprogram . A subprogram may not use a parameter , e.g. multiply() , or one parameter , e.g. multiply(num) , or several e.g. multiply(num1,num2) . Any parameters must be identified when the subprogram is defined , e.g. def multiply(num): Return The return command will send a value back to the line the subprogram was called on, allowing it to be used there . For example, the 'quad' subprogram in the example below returns the value of the 'result' variable back to the main program, allowing it to be printed . A subprogram will end either by reaching the last line of code within it, or when it reaches a return command . Subprograms that return a value are called functions . Subprogram example This subprogram is defined using the identifier 'quad ' with a parameter named number . The subprogram is called in the main program, multiplies the number passed in as a parameter by 4 and returns a value back to the main program to be printed. def quad (number): result = number * 4 return result #Main Program number = int ( input ( "Enter a number: " )) print ( "The number quadrupled is" , quad(number)) Enter a number: 5 The number quadrupled is 20 Functions and Procedures There are two types of subprograms . A function is a subprogram that returns a value , using the return command, which allows the value to be used in the line of code the function was called in. The 'divide' function below returns the value of the variable 'total' to the main program to be printed. A procedure is a subprogram that does not return a value . Example of a Procedure def multiply (num): total = num * 2 print ( "The number doubled is" , total) #Main Program num = int ( input ( "Enter a number: " )) multiply(num) Enter a number: 4 The number doubled is 8 Example of a Function def divide (num): total = num / 2 return total #Main Program num = int ( input ( "Enter a number: " )) print ( "The number halved is" , divide(num)) Enter a number: 9 The number halved is 4.5 Advantages of using subprograms Subprograms break a complex program down into smaller parts , making it easier to design and test . Each subroutine can be tested separately and abstraction can be used to simplify a complicated problem . Using subprograms allows code to be easily reused in other programs , as it has already been written , making it quicker to develop new programs or build on existing work. Using subprograms avoids code repetition , as they can be called as many times as necessary . This makes programs shorter and quicker to develop , making them easier to maintain and debug . Work can easily be split up between team members to work on different subprograms at the same time . Array An array is a static data structure that can hold a fixed number of data elements . Each data element must be of the same data type i.e. real, integer, string. The elements in an array are identified by a number that indicates their position in the array. This number is known as the index. The first element in an array always has an index of 0 . You should know how to write pseudo code that manipulates arrays to traverse , add , remove and search for data . The following steps use Python as an example, although Python does not use arrays and uses a similar data structure called a list (that can change in size as the program runs ). See the 8a and 8b Python pages for tasks on how to use lists . What Traversing an Array To traverse (' move through ') an array a for loop can be used to display each data element in order. Example code for traversing: Output: 'Inserting' a value In an array the size is fixed so you cannot insert new values, but you can change the value of elements that already exist. Overwriting the fourth element (Daphne) with a new value (Laura) will change it from Daphne to Laura. Example code for inserting: Output: 'Deleting' a value In an array the size is fixed so you cannot delete values, but you can overwrite them as blank . Overwriting the second element (Shaggy) with a blank space makes it appear deleted. Example code for deleting: Output: Searching an Array For large arrays a for loop is needed to search through each element for a specific value . This example checks each name to see if it is equal to Velma. Example code for searching: Output: Two-Dimensional Array Often the data we want to process comes in the form of a table . The data in a two dimensional array must still all be of the same data type , but can have multiple rows and columns . The two-dimensional array to the right shows the characters from Scooby Doo along with their associated colour and their species. Each value in the array is represented by an index still, but now the index has two values . For example [3] [0] is 'Daphne'. Unless stated in an exam , measure row first , then column . Searching a two-dimensional array: To print a specific data element you can just use the index number like Daphne above. To search for a specific value you will need two for loops , one for the row and another for the values of each row . The example to the right is looking for the value of ' Velma ' and when it is found it prints the associated data from the whole row . Example code for printing: Output: Example code for searching: Output: Records Unlike arrays, records can store data of different data types . Each record is made up of information about one person or thing . Each piece of information in the record is called a field (each row name). Records should have a key field - this is unique data that identifies each record . For example Student ID is a good key field for a record on students as no two students can have the same Student ID. A 2D array may be used to represent database tables of records and fields . SQL SQL (structured query language ) is a language that can be used to search for data in a database . The format of an SQL statement is: SELECT field1, field2, field3… FROM table WHERE criteria Example of an SQL statement using the Cars table: SELECT Make, Colour FROM Cars WHERE Miles > 1000 AND Age > 8 Cars table SQL uses wildcards which are symbols used to substitute characters . The * symbol represents ALL fields . Example: SELECT * FROM Cars WHERE Colour = “blue” < Click the banner to try a self-marking quiz (Google Form) about records and SQL. Q uesto's Q uestions 2.3 - Additional Programming Techniques: 1a. Describe what the following terms mean: subprogram , parameter , function , procedure . [ 2 each ] 1b. Describe three advantages of using subprograms . [ 6 ] 2. Describe the differences between a 1D array , 2D array and record . [ 3 ] 3. A one-dimensional array looks like this: TigerBreeds["Sumatran","Indian","Malayan,"Amur"] Write the code to: a. Print the element with the index of 3. [ 2 ] b. Change Indian to South China. [ 2 ] c. Remove the Amur element. [ 2 ] d. Search through the array for 'Malayan'. [ 2 ] 4a. Use the Cars table above to write the SQL statement to display the make and miles for cars that are grey OR blue . [ 3 ] 4b. Write an SQL statement to display all fields for cars that are 10 years old or less . [ 3 ] 2.2 Data Types Theory Topics 3.1 - Defensive Design

Learn about the main character sets - ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) and Unicode. Also, discover the five data types - character, string, integer, real and Boolean. Based on the 2020 Eduqas (WJEC) GCSE specification. 4.5: Character Sets & Data Types Exam Board: Eduqas Specification: 2020 What is a Character Set? A character set is a table that matches together a character and a binary value . Character sets are necessary as they allow computers to exchange data . Two common character sets are ASCII and Unicode . ASCII Unicode ( American Standard Code for Information Interchange ) 0100 0001 0100 0010 0100 0011 Uses Binary 128 Tiny Set of Characters Less Memory Required Per Character U+0042 U+0055 U+004E Uses Hexadecimal 36,536+ Large Set of Characters More Memory Required per Character What are the different data types? When programming, variables should be given appropriate data types . Character String Integer A single character , such as a letter, number or punctuation symbol. Examples: A sequence of characters , including letters, numbers and punctuation. Examples: A whole number . Examples: T 8 ? Harry Waters 14:50pm Ice Age 4 475 -8432 56732 Real Boolean Telephone numbers are always stored as a string , not an integer. True / False Yes / No 0 / 1 An answer that only has two possible values . Examples: A decimal number . Examples: 65.3 -321.1234 909.135 Be careful with punctuation. 32.10 is a real but £32.10 is a string. Q uesto's Q uestions 4.5 - Character Sets & Data Types: 1. What is a character set and why are they needed ? [ 2 ] 2. Describe 3 differences between ASCII and Unicode . [6 ] 3. State the 5 different data types . [ 5 ] 4. State which data type is most suitable for the following variables: a. Age [ 1 ] b. Surname [ 1 ] c. Height (in metres) [ 1 ] d. First Initial [ 1 ] e. Phone number [ 1 ] f. Right-Handed? [ 1 ] 4.4 Arithmetic Shift Theory Topics 4.6 - Graphical Representation

Learn how to create your own web page in HTML. The guide features 10 easy to follow steps from setting up the basic tags to adding images, videos and more pages. When you see the checklist icon, complete the task in order to make your own HTML web page. HTML Guide 1. Setting up the web page 2. Essential tags 3. Text tags 4. Hyperlinks 5. Images 6. Organisation tags 7. Head tags 8. Videos 9. Colours & Fonts 10. More pages Watch on YouTube: These steps will show you how to make a HTML fanpage so get thinking of an appropriate topic - maybe your favourite book, movie or sports team? Download Notepad++ at home

Learn how to create simple programs in Python. Try practice tasks and learn through text and images. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. Setting up Python Downloading Python If you are using Python in Computer Science lessons, then your school should already have it downloaded and installed on the school computers. It is a good idea to download it on a home computer too so you can practice outside of lessons. Python is free and can be downloaded from the official website. You should download the most up-to-date version of Python 3. Save the file and then run it to start installing. Official Download Page Using Python When you run the Python application, it will open the shell. This window will display the outputs of any program you have created. Do not type into the shell . Click on the File tab then New File to open the editor. Python Shell - This displays the outputs of your program. Do not write directly into the shell . Python Editor - All code is written into the editor. When you want to test a program press the F5 key (or click the Run tab then Run Module ). The first time you test a program, it will prompt you to save the file. Make sure you save it somewhere you will remember - it is a good idea to create a folder named 'Python' where you can keep all your practice programs. The next page looks at actually creating a program but above shows how code has been typed into the editor and then displayed in the shell. You never need to save the shell window. Also, the editor saves automatically every time you run the program. Opening a Saved Program When you want to re-open and edit a file you have created previously double-clicking on it won't work . Right-click on the file and select Edit with IDLE : https://trinket.io/python/76b41b35c5 1 a - Printing ➡

Learn what an embedded system is and about different examples of embedded systems. Based on the J277 OCR GCSE Computer Science specification (first taught from 2020 onwards). 2.1: Primary Storage (Memory) Exam Board: OCR Specification: J277 Watch on YouTube : Primary Storage RAM and ROM Virtual Memory Primary vs Secondary Storage Storage in a computer system is split into two categories: Primary Storage: Very quick because it is directly accesse d by the CPU . Typically smaller in storage size . Sometimes called ‘main memory’ . Includes RAM and ROM . Volatile vs Non-Volatile Storage Storage is also split into two types - volatile and non-volatile . Volatile storage is temporary - data is lost whenever the power is turned off . Example: RAM Non-volatile storage saves the data even when not being powered . Data can be stored long-term and accessed when the computer is switched on . Example: ROM Why do Computers need Primary Storage? Primary storage is low-capacity , internal storage that can be directly accessed by the CPU . Program instructions and data must be copied from the hard drive into RAM to be processed by the CPU because primary storage access speeds are much faster than secondary storage devices like the hard drive. Types of Primary Storage (Memory) Random Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) RAM is volatile (temporary) storage that stores all programs that are currently running . RAM also stores parts of the operating system to be accessed by the CPU. RAM is made up of a large number of storage locations, each can be identified by a unique address . ROM is non-volatile storage that cannot be changed . ROM stores the boot program / BIOS for when the computer is switched on. The BIOS then loads up the operating system to take over managing the computer. RAM ( R andom A ccess M emory) ROM ( R ead O nly M emory) Virtual Memory Programs must be stored in RAM to be processed by the CPU . Even if there is insufficient space in RAM for all programs the computer can use the hard disk drive (HDD ) as an extension of RAM - this is called virtual memory . If new data is needed to be stored in RAM then unused data in RAM is moved to the hard drive so the new data can be transferred into RAM . If the original data is required again, it can be moved back from virtual memory into RAM . Using virtual memory is beneficial because it allows more programs to be run at the same time with less system slow down . Secondary Storage: ( Section 2.2 ) Slower because it is not directly accessed by the CPU . Typically larger in storage size . Used for the long-term storage of data and files because it is non-volatile . Includes magnetic , optical and solid state storage. Q uesto's Q uestions 2.1 - Primary Storage (Memory): 1. Describe the differences between primary and secondary storage . [ 6 ] 2. Explain the difference between volatile and non-volatile storage . State an example of both types. [ 4 ] 3. Explain why the computer requires primary storage . [ 2 ] 4. For each type of memory below, describe it and state what information is stored within it: a . Random Access Memory (RAM) [3 ] b. Read-Only Memory (ROM) [ 3 ] c. Virtual memory [ 3 ] 1.3 - Embedded Systems Theory Topics 2.2 - Secondary Storage

Learn about networking standards and the seven layers of the Open Systems Interconnected (OSI) model - Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical. Based on the 2020 Eduqas (WJEC) GCSE specification. 3.6: 7-Layer OSI Model Exam Board: Eduqas Specification: 2020 What are networking standards? Networking standards are rules that allow computer systems to communicate across networks . Standards have been created to ensure devices can exchange data and work together . What is the 7-layer OSI Model? The OSI ( Open Systems Interconnection ) model is split into 7 layers . The model is used to visualise the different parts of a network as each of the seven layers has a specific role . Splitting a network design into layers is beneficial to programmers as it simplifies design , making it easier to modify and use . Each layer has a certain purpose and is associated with different protocols . The seven layers are explained below: 7 Allows humans and software applications to use the network e.g. browsers (HTTP /HTTPS ) and email (SMTP ) and file transfer (FTP ). 6 The purpose of the presentation layer is to display data in a standard format that other devices can accept and understand . 5 The session layer establishes a connection between computers allowing data to be sent between them. Data can be synchronised in each session to allow for efficient data transfer . 4 TCP breaks the data down into data packets . This layer makes sure the data is sent and received in the correct order and reassembled at the destination without errors. 3 IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets . The optimal route for the data to take is calculated in this layer. Also known as the 'Internet Layer '. 2 Ethernet sets out the format of data packets . This layer handles transmission errors and passes data to the physical layer . 1 This layer converts the data packets into bits so they can be transferred across a physical connection using routers and switches . Q uesto's Q uestions 3.6 - 7-Layer OSI Model: 1a. What are networking standards ? [ 2 ] 1b. Describe why network designs are split into layers . [ 2 ] 2. Create a diagram similar to the one above and describe each layer of the OSI Model. [ 14 ] 3. Look at the statements below and name the layer that is being described: a. This layer ensures data packets are sent and received correctly. b. This layer checks for errors in transmission and sets out the data packet format. c. This layer displays data in a format that can be understood. d. This layer allows software like web browsers to interact with the network. e. This layer transfers bits across a connection using routers. f. This layer establishes a connection between computer systems. g. This layer uses addresses to ensure data packets take the correct route. [ 7 ] 3.5 - Protocols Theory Topics 3.7 - The Internet

Learn about 11 key attributes that a respected and successful member of staff should develop in a work environment. Based on the 2016 OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT specification. 4.3 - Personal Attributes Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 1 Any employee in an organisation must demonstrate positive qualities that makes them a useful worker . The following are some of the key attributes that a successful employee of an IT organisation should have. Self-motivation: Workers must be able to motivate themselves to produce high-quality work . They must arrive to work willing to face new challenges and retain a good attitude even when faced with difficulties. Leadership: Managers must show good leadership skills by respecting members of their team so that they are motivated and produce good work. A leader must delegate tasks and take responsibility for negative outcomes. Respect: Respect must be shown at all times to other members of staff and to customers . Employees should be polite and patient when dealing with requests and uphold the company's values . Dependability: Managers must be able to depend on their employees to complete work to the best of their ability and complete it on time . Employees should also be trustworthy and reliable to work on tasks independently. Punctuality: Arriving to work on time is important and shows a commitment to your job . Employees must show up on time to meetings and scheduled events so they don't miss out or upset others. Problem Solving: An employee must be able to look at a problem from different angles and perspectives in order to solve it. Workers must use logic and learn from previous mistakes . Determination: Workers should be focused on their job role and not give up on challenging tasks. Workers must be prepared to work on a dedicated task until it is fully completed . Independence: Workers should be able to work alone on tasks and not rely on other members of staff . They should be confident in finding a solution to a problem independently. Time Management: Most tasks will have a deadline and it is the worker or team's responsibility to ensure all work is completed before that date. Workers must be organised and plan ahead in case of unforeseen circumstances. Team Working: Most modern IT jobs involve group work , either within the office or using online communication across different sites. Workers must cooperate with their peers, share ideas and work together to complete tasks on time. Numerical Skills: Maths skills are required in IT jobs to ensure that jobs are completed accurately and within the budget . Workers may use calculators or spreadsheets to prevent mistakes. Verbal Skills: Spoken communication is a huge part of most jobs, whether that be face-to-face , on the phone or through video calls . Workers must be polite to customers and respectful to co-workers , using appropriate language at all times. Planning & Organisation: To ensure all deadlines are met , teams must carefully plan who will complete each task and by when. Companies must be well organised so that departments can work together and share information when necessary. Q uesto's Q uestions 4.3 - Personal Attributes: The Job Roles section (4.5 ) may help you answer these questions. 1. A games company are looking to hire a new manager to oversee the development of their next video game. Describe 4 personal attributes that the manager should have. [10 ] 2. A software company that develops web browsers is hiring a new programmer . Describe 4 personal attributes that the programmer should have. You must not describe the same attributes as Q1 . [10 ] 3. An animator is required at a large design and movie production studio. Describe 4 personal attributes that the animator should have. You must not describe the same attributes as Q1 or Q2 . [10 ] 4.2 - Communication Technology Topic List 4.4 - Ready for Work

Learn about the three data states - at rest, in transit (in motion) and in use. Resources based on Unit F161 (Developing Application Software) for the OCR Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Computing (H029 / H129) AAQ (Alternative Academic Qualification). Qualification: Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Computing (AAQ) Certificate: Computing: Application Development (H029 / H129) Unit: F161: Developing Application Software 2.3 - Data States Watch on YouTube : Data States You need to understand the characteristics and uses of the three data states (at rest , in transit (in motion) and in use ) What You Need to Know Data States ? YouTube video uploading soon Q uesto's Q uestions 2.3 - Data States: 1. What? [2 ] 2. What? [1 ] 3. What? [1 ] 4. What? [1 ] ? D id Y ou K now? 2.2 - Data Flow Topic List 3.1 - APIs