Learn about the methods of digital protection including antimalware, firewalls and obfuscation. Based on the 2016 OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT specification for Unit 2 (Global Information). 6.6 - Logical Protection Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 2 Logical protection refers to using digital methods of security to protect computer systems and data. Usernames & Passwords ****** Anti-Malware Usernames must be matched with a secure password to minimise the chances of unauthorised users accessing a system. Passwords should contain a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters , punctuation and numbers . Passwords should be of a substantial length (at least 8 characters) and should be regularly changed . Anti-virus software scans a system and removes viruses . If left to infect a system a virus could delete data or permit access to unauthorised users . Anti-spyware software removes spyware on an infected system so hackers cannot view personal data or monitor users. Organisations should install and regularly update anti-virus and anti-spyware programs. Firewall Encryption Firewalls prevent unauthorised access to or from a network . Firewalls filter data packets and block anything that is identified as harmful to the computer system or network. Firewalls can also be used to block access to specific websites and programs. A firewall can be in the form of a physical device which is connected to the network, or software installed on a computer system. Encryption is the conversion of data ( plaintext ) into an unreadable format ( ciphertext ) so it cannot be understood if intercepted . Encrypted data can only be understood by an authorised system with a decryption key . There are two types of encryption . Encryption at rest is when data is encrypted while it is being stored on a system or storage drive. Encryption in transit is to secure the data as it being transferred between systems on a network. Tiered Levels of Access Obfuscation ?????? The purpose of tiered levels of access is to grant different types of permission to certain users. Managing levels of file access ensures that only authorised people can access and change certain files . There are different levels of file access : No access Read-only - Allows a user to view but not edit. Read/write - Allows a user to view and edit. Obfuscation is when data is deliberately changed to be unreadable to humans but still understandable by computers . Program code might be obfuscated to stop rival programmers from viewing and stealing it if they were able to access it. Specialist software can be used to obfuscate data and convert it back into a human-readable format. Q uesto's Q uestions 6.6 - Logical Protection: 1a. Describe why usernames and strong passwords are necessary. [2 ] 1b. State 3 rules for choosing a strong password . [3 ] 2. Describe the purpose of anti-virus and anti-spyware software. [4 ] 3. Describe the roles of a firewall . [4 ] 4. Explain what encryption is. What are the two types? [4 ] 5. Why would an organisation use tiered levels of access ? What are the 3 levels of file access ? [5 ] 6. What is obfuscation ? State a scenario in which it would be used. [3 ] 6.5 - Physical Protection Topic List

Learn about the four types of secondary storage - magnetic, optical, solid-state and cloud. Also, learn about the data storage units from bit to yottabyte. Based on the 2020 Eduqas (WJEC) GCSE specification. 1.4: Secondary Storage & Data Units Exam Board: Eduqas Specification: 2020 Secondary storage (also known as backing storage ) is non-volatile storage used to save and store data that can be accessed repeatedly. Secondary storage is not directly embedded on the motherboard (and possibly even external ) and therefore further away from the CPU so it is slower to access then primary storage . Storage Characteristics: CAPACITY : The maximum amount of data that can be stored. DURABILITY : The physical strength of the device, to withstand damage. PORTABILITY : How easy it is to carry the device around. ACCESS SPEED : How quickly data on the device can be read or edited . COST : The average price it costs to purchase a storage device. Magnetic Storage Optical Storage A magnetic hard disk drive (HDD ) is the most common form of secondary storage within desktop computers. A read/write head moves nanometres above the disk platter and uses the magnetic field of the platter to read or edit data. An obsolete (no longer used) type of magnetic storage is a floppy disk but these have been replaced by solid state devices such as USB sticks which are much faster and have a much higher capacity. Another type of magnetic storage that is still used is magnetic tape . Magnetic tape has a high storage capacity but data has to be accessed in order (serial access ) so it is generally only used by companies to back up or archive large amounts of data . Optical storage uses a laser to project beams of light onto a spinning disc, allowing it to read data from a CD , DVD or Blu-Ray . This makes optical storage the slowest of the four types of secondary storage. Disc drives are traditionally internal but external disc drives can be bought for devices like laptops. Magnetic Storage Characteristics: ✓ - Large CAPACITY and cheaper COST per gigabyte than solid state . X - Not DURABLE and not very PORTABLE when powered on because moving it can damage the device. X - Slow ACCESS SPEED but faster than optical storage . Optical Storage Characteristics: X - Low CAPACITY : 700 MB (CD ), 4.7 GB (DVD ), 25 GB (Blu-ray ). X - Not DURABLE because discs are very fragile and can break or scratch easily. ✓ - Discs are thin and very PORTABLE . Also very cheap to buy in bulk. X - Optical discs have the Slowest ACCESS SPEED . Magnetic Disks are spelled with a k and Optical Discs have a c. Solid State Storage Cloud Storage There are no moving parts in solid state storage. SSD s (Solid State Drives ) are replacing magnetic HDDs (Hard DIsk Drives) in modern computers and video game consoles because they are generally quieter , faster and use less power . A USB flash drive ( USB stick ) is another type of solid state storage that is used to transport files easily because of its small size. Memory cards , like the SD card in a digital camera or a Micro SD card in a smartphone , are another example of solid state storage. When you store data in 'the cloud', using services such as Google Drive or Dropbox, your data is stored on large servers owned by the hosting company . The hosting company (such as Google) is responsible for keeping the servers running and making your data accessible on the internet . Cloud storage is very convenient as it allows people to work on a file at the same time and it can be accessed from different devices. However, if the internet connection fails , or the servers are attacked then the data could become inaccessible . Solid State Characteristics: X - High CAPACITY but more expensive COST per gigabyte than magnetic . ✓ - Usually DURABLE but cheap USB sticks can snap or break . ✓ - The small size of USB sticks and memory cards mean they are very PORTABLE and can fit easily in a bag or pocket. ✓ - Solid State storage has the fastest ACCESS SPEED because they contain no moving parts . Cloud Storage Characteristics: ✓ - Huge CAPACITY and you can upgrade your subscription if you need more storage. ✓ / X - Cloud storage is difficult to rank in terms of PORTABILITY , DURABILITY and ACCESS SPEED because it depends on your internet connection. A fast connection would mean that cloud storage is very portable (can be accessed on a smartphone or tablet) but a poor connection would make access difficult . ✓ - Cloud storage is typically free for a certain amount of storage. Users can then buy a subscription to cover their needs - Dropbox allows 2 GB for free or 2 TB for £9.99 a month. Data Storage Units 0 / 1 All data in a computer system is made up of bits . A single bit is a 0 or a 1 . 4 bits (such as 0101 or 1101) is called a nibble . 1,024 bytes is called a kilobyte . A kilobyte can store a short email . A 8 bits is called a byte . A byte can store a single character . 1,024 kilobytes is called a megabyte . A megabyte can store about a minute of music . 1,024 megabytes is called a gigabyte . A gigabyte can store about 500 photos . 1,024 terabytes is called a petabyte . A petabyte can store about 1.5 million CDs . 1,024 gigabytes is called a terabyte . A terabyte can store about 500 hours of films . More data storage units: 1,024 petabytes is called a exabyte . 1,024 exabytes is called a zettabyte . 1,024 zettabytes is called a yottabyte . Q uesto's Q uestions 1.4 - Secondary Storage: 1. Rank magnetic , optical and solid-state storage in terms of capacity , durability , portability , speed and cost . For example, magnetic has the highest capacity , then solid-state, then optical. This could be completed in a table . [15 ] 2. Justify which secondary storage should be used in each scenario and why it is the most appropriate: a. Sending videos and pictures to family in Australia through the post . [ 2 ] b. Storing a presentation to take into school . [ 2 ] c. Storing project files with other members of a group to work on together . [ 2 ] d. Backing up an old computer with thousands of files to a storage device. [ 2 ] 3. Put the following data storage units in order from smallest to largest : a . kilobyte - gigabyte - byte - megabyte - nibble - bit [3 ] b. gigabyte - petabyte - kilobyte - exabyte - terabyte - megabyte [ 3 ] 1.3 - Primary Storage 1.5 - Performance Theory Topics

Learn about application platforms such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR), websites and computer games. Resources based on Unit F161 (Developing Application Software) for the OCR Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Computing (H029 / H129) AAQ (Alternative Academic Qualification). Qualification: Cambridge Advanced Nationals in Computing (AAQ) Certificate: Computing: Application Development (H029 / H129) Unit: F161: Developing Application Software 1.1 - Application Platforms Watch on YouTube : Reality Platforms Websites Computer Games There are three types of application platforms you need to know, starting with devices based around merging technology and reality -augmented reality (AR ), virtual reality (VR ) and mixed reality (MR ). You also need to understand how websites and computer games are used as application platforms . You need to know the uses of these application platforms as well as their advantages and disadvantages . What You Need to Know Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality / Mixed Reality Augmented Reality (AR ) is technology that overlays digital images or information onto the real world . Virtual Reality (VR ) uses a computer-generated 3D environment that fully immerses the user , usually with a headset . Mixed Reality (MR ) is a blend of AR and VR where digital objects interact with the real world in real time . AR , VR and MR devices have a wide range of uses , the main three being educational , instructional and for research . Websites Websites can be used as platforms to deliver applications directly through a web browser , removing the need for users to install software on their device . This allows applications to be accessed easily across different devices and operating systems using an internet connection . There are four categories of websites to know: E-Commerce Instructional Educational Social Media Computer Games Computer (video ) games can be used as application platforms by combining software functionality with interactive gameplay and immersive environments . Games can increase user engagement and allow complex ideas , simulations or training activities to be delivered in a more intuitive and motivating way. Games are highly engaging , increasing user motivation and time spent using the application but game development is often complex , time-consuming and expensive , requiring specialist skills in a range of job roles . Q uesto's Q uestions 1.1 - Application Platforms: 1. Give the key features and uses for each reality-based device - AR , VR and MR . [4 marks each ] 2. Give three advantages and disadvantages of using a website as an application platform . [6 ] 3. A school is considering making a computer game application to encourage students to learn about rainforests . Consider two advantages and disadvantages of using computer games as an application platform in this scenario . [4 ] There are over 1 billion websites on the internet , but fewer than 20% are actively maintained , meaning most websites are abandoned , inactive or placeholder pages . D id Y ou K now? Topic List 1.2 - Devices

Learn how to input numbers in Python. Try practice tasks and learn through text and images. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. top Python 2B - Inputting Numbers Inputting Whole Numbers in Python To enter whole numbers then you must use the int command. int stands for integer (a whole number ) and is typed before input – don’t forget the double brackets at the end . age = int ( input ( "How old are you? " )) print ( "Have you really lived for " , age , "years?" ) = How old are you? 99 Have you really lived for 99 years? Inputting Numbers Task 1 ( Zoo) Type an input line (with int ) to ask the user how many times they’ve been to the zoo . Print a reply that uses the zoo variable (their answer). Example solution: How many times have you been to the zoo? 3 You've been to the zoo 3 times? I love animals! Inputting Decimal Numbers in Python Using float instead of int allows a decimal number to be entered instead. Again, don’t forget the double brackets at the end . miles = float ( input ( "How far have you walked today? " )) print ( "You really walked for " , miles , "miles? Wow!" ) = How far have you walked today? 5.6 You really walked for 5.6 miles? Wow! Inputting Numbers Task 2 ( Height ) Type an input line (with float ) to ask the user their height in metres. Print a reply that uses the height variable (their answer). Example solution: What is your height in metres? 1.82 You are 1.82 metres tall? Wow! ⬅ 2a - Inputting Text Sect ion 2 Practice Tasks ➡

Test your ability to create a more complex program in Python based on a given scenario. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. Extended Task 6 'Guess the Word' Game Create a Python program similar to the hit New York Times puzzle game Wordle . Allow the user to make guesses to match the randomly chosen hidden word , stopping when they get it correct. You can download a list of 5-letter words on this page. You will need to read in each line of the list and randomly select one - don’t forget to import the random library . Check if each letter of the user’s inputted word is in the randomly selected word . If you are using an IDE like Replit you can use the colorama library and the Fore command to turn the text: Green if the letter is in the correct position . Red if the letter is not in the selected word . Yellow if the letter is in the selected word but not in the correct position . Add your own flair and additional features to your program as an extension, including limiting the number of guesses and recording how many attempts it took to get the correct answer. Download a file of 534 5-letter words: For this task, you will need to create a document and include the following sections (with screenshots where appropriate): An introduction to explain the Purpose of your program . A List of Requirements for a successful program. Screenshots of your code (with comments in your code to show understanding). Testing – Create a plan to show how you will test your program and then explanations of any errors that you found and how they were fixed . An Evaluation of what worked, what didn’t, and how you met each of your requirements from your original list. Also, discuss further improvements that you could have made to improve your program. Reminders for this task: You will need a while loop to repeatedly allows the user to enter words until they match the correct word. Section 10 will help you to open, write and r ead from files . Download the file of 5-letter words from the link above. You will need to randomly select a word from the file. The choice command will help. Selection will be necessary to check if each letter in the inputted word matches the letter in the same position in the correct word. String handling is needed to select specific letters in a string. You will need to use .rstrip() on the selected line (word) that you have randomly chosen from the file. This removes any hidden characters that may interfere with checking if it is equal to the inputted word. There are multiple ways to approach this program, and your solution might look different from the example. Break the problem down and focus on one part at a time. Example solution: The word the user enters should be checked , letter by letter , against the letters in the same position in the randomly chosen correct word . Remember that the first letter in a word has the position 0 , not 1. Below is an example of some incomplete code you may wish to use in your solution. ⬅ Extended Task 5 (Colour Collection) Extended Task 7 (Number Game) ➡

Learn how to create print statements in Python. Try practice tasks and learn through text and images. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. top Python 1a - Printing Printing in Python To output a message onto the screen, use the print command. Then place your message within brackets and speech marks . For example: print ( "Welcome to Python!" ) When you run the program, the text will print to the Python console: Welcome to Python! Printing Task 1 (Full Name & To Your Left) On the first line, print your first name and surname. On the next line, write another print statement to print t he name of the person (or thing) to your left. Example solution: Elsie Parker pencil case Printing over Several Lines One way of writing across multiple lines is to write several print commands like this: print ( "Welcome to...." ) print ( "Computer Science " ) print ( "Newbies!!! " ) = Welcome to .... Computer Science Newbies!!! However, when we program, we always want to make our code the most efficient it can be by using as few lines as possible . Therefore you can write \n within a printed statement to move it to the next line. Make sure you use \ and not / otherwise it will print the slash and not make a new line! print ( "Welcome to....\n Computer Science\n Newbies!!! " ) = Welcome to .... Computer Science Newbies!!! Both pieces of code display the same thing, but the second one is more efficient because it only uses one line. Printing Task 2 (Name, Colour, Movie) Use \n to write your name, favourite colour and favourite movie in only one line of code. Example solution: Matthew yellow Interstellar ⬅ Setting Up Python 1b - Comments ➡

Learn about key mnemonics used in assembly language and how very simple programs can be created. Assembly Language Assembly language is a low-level programming language - it is closer to machine code (binary) than high-level programming languages like Python. Assembly language uses mnemonics (abbreviations of commands) to signify instructions; for example, input is written as INP and output is written as OUT . Little Man Computer is a representation of assembly language . This simulator will help you understand assembly language and allow you to check if your instructions are correct. Assembly Language Mnemonics INP (Input) INP is used to input a number . The number is temporarily stored in the accumulator . OUT (Output) OUT is used to output the number currently stored in the accumulator . STA (Store) STA stores the value that is currently in the accumulator . It can be used to assign a value to a variable. ADD (Addition) ADD is used to add a number to the value currently stored in the accumulator. SUB (Subtraction) SUB takes away a number from the value currently stored in the accumulator. LDA (Load) LDA is used to load the value of a stored variable back into the accumulator . BRZ (Branch if Zero) BRZ is used to loop only if the value in the accumulator is currently 0 . BRP (Branch if Positive) BRP is used to loop only if the value in the accumulator is currently positive (including 0). BRA (Branch Always) BRA is used to loop continuously . HLT (Halt) HLT will stop running the program . Every program MUST have a HLT command. DAT (Data Definition) DAT must be used to define a variable name (and / or set it with a starting value). Data definitions must be written at the end of the instructions . Peter Higginson's Little Man Computer simulation Examples of Simple Assembly Language Programs #1 - Input & Output Program Purpose: Input a number, store the number as a variable called Number1 and output the number. 1. Lets the user input a number 3. Outputs the value in the accumulator - which will be the number that was just inputted. 5. Defines a variable called 'Number1'. This has to be at the end of the program and you must write the variable name first, not the command first. INP STA Number1 OUT HLT Number1 DAT 2. Stores the number in a variable named 'Number1' - there must be no spaces in a variable name. 4. Halts (stops) the program. Type these instructions line by line into the Little Man Computer simulator to see how it works. #2 - Addition Program Purpose: Input and store two numbers. Add them together. Output the total. 1. Lets the user input a number 3. Lets the user input another number 5. Adds number1 to the value in the accumulator (which is currently number2 as you just inputted it). 7. Halts the program. Type these instructions line by line into the Little Man Computer simulator to see how it works. Then change the program to subtract the number instead. INP STA Number1 INP STA Number2 ADD Number1 OUT HLT Number1 DAT Number2 DAT 2. Stores the inputted number in a variable named 'Number1'. 4. Stores the inputted number in a variable named 'Number2'. 6. Outputs the value in the accumulator (which is now number1 added to number2. 8. & 9. The two variables Number1 and Number2 are defined on separate lines. #3 - Load in Order Program Purpose: Input and store three numbers. Load and output them in the order that they were entered. 1. - 6. Lets the user input three numbers and immediately stores each one as they are entered. 8. Now that Number1 has been loaded into the accumulator, this value is outputted. 13. Halts the program. Type these instructions line by line into the Little Man Computer simulator to see how it works. Let the user input a fourth number and output this fourth number last . INP STA Number1 INP STA Number2 INP STA Number3 LDA Number1 OUT LDA Number2 OUT LDA Number3 OUT HLT Number1 DAT Number2 DAT Number3 DAT 14. - 16. The three variables Number1, Number2 & Number3 are defined on separate lines. 9. - 12. Number2 is loaded and output then Number3 is loaded and output 7. Once all three numbers have been inputted and stored, the first number is loaded back into the accumulator. #4 - Branching Program Purpose: Input and store two numbers. Output the largest number. (Branching required). 1. - 4. Lets the user input two numbers and immediately stores each one as they are entered. 7. BRP is 'Branch is Positive'. If the result of Number1 - Number2 is positive then the program will jump to line 11. You can write any value instead of 'loop', such as 'jump' or 'break'. If the result is not positive it will continue to the next line. 11. - 13. The program will jump to line 11 if the result of Number1 - Number2 is positive. This means that Number1 is larger than Number2 so Number1 is loaded and output then the program is halted. INP STA Number1 INP STA Number2 LDA Number1 SUB Number2 BRP loop LDA Number2 OUT HLT loop LDA Number1 OUT HLT Number1 DAT Number2 DAT 5. & 6. Loads Number1 and subtracts Number2 from it. 8. - 10. The program will continue to line 8 if the result of Number1 - Number2 is not positive. Because the result is a negative number, this tells us that Number2 is larger than Number1. So we load Number2, output it because it is bigger, then halt the program. 14. - 15. The variables Number1 & Number2 are defined on separate lines. Type these instructions line by line into the Little Man Computer simulator to see how it works. Change the program so that the smallest number is output .

Learn about the role of different server types including file, application, print, email, mail servers and the hypervisor. Based on the 2016 OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT specification. 3.1 - Server Types Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 1 What is a server? A server is a powerful dedicated system on a network . It requires increased memory , storage and processing power than traditional computer systems to fulfill its role across the network. Servers need to be scalable - this means they must be adaptable and able to efficiently manage the needs of connected systems if more are added or some are removed . Servers have different roles so a company may use multiple , separate server types within their organisation, each with a specific purpose . Having separate servers is costly but beneficial as if one loses connection , others may still be usable . Also a server will be more efficient if it is only managing one resource (e.g. printers) at a time . File Server A file server centrally stores and manages files so that other systems on the network can access them. The server provides access security , ensuring that only users of the appropriate access level can access files. File servers can be used to automatically backup files , as per the organisation's disaster recovery policy. Using a file server frees up physical storage space within a business and can provide printing services too. Printer Server These servers control any printers on a network and manage printing requests by sending the document to an appropriate printer. Print servers use spooling to queue print jobs so that they are printed when the printer is ready. If a fault occurs with a certain printer, work can be automatically diverted to another available printer. Application Server These servers allow users to access shared applications on a network. All users will be able to access common applications like email software or word processing, but the server will also restrict certain applications to those with invalid access levels (such as hiding financial databases from employees outside of the finance department). Application updates can be simply deployed to the application server only , avoiding individual updates for each system and saving a lot of time . Installers can be hosted on an application server, allowing the software to be easily installed on other connected machines . Database Server These servers manage database software that users on the network can access and use to manipulate data . Data held on the server will be stored in a database accessible from multiple connected computers . The data can be modified using query languages such as SQL. Storing data on a database server, rather than individual computers, is more reliable . A database server for a business also allows for scaling - for example, the database can be increased in size if the customer base grows. Web Server A web server manages HTTP requests from connected devices to display web pages on web browsers . A request (e.g. csnewbs.com) is sent to the web server. The server contains a list of known URLs and their matching IP addresses . The server contacts the server where the web page is held and delivers the web page to the client . Mail Server These servers send and receive emails using email protocols (SMTP & POP) allowing email communication between other mail servers on other networks. The server makes sure emails are delivered to the correct user on the network. Email servers can store company address books making internal communication easier for organisations. The server may have anti-spam functions to reduce junk mail. Hypervisor A hypervisor allows a host machine to operate virtual machines as guest systems. The virtual machines share the resources of the host , including its memory, processing power and storage space. This type of technology is called virtualisation . The guest machines are isolated so if one failed, the other guests and the hosts are not affected - demonstrating good security . The hypervisor optimises the hardware of the host server to allow the virtual machines to run as efficiently as possible. Q uesto's Q uestions 3.1 - Server Types: 1a. What is a server ? Why does it need to be scalable ? [2 ] 1b. Give two reasons why a company may use multiple , separate servers . [2 ] 1c. State the 7 types of server . [1 each ] 2. A medium-sized animation company working on a movie are considering buying a server. Describe each type of server and the different roles they have. a. File Server b. Printer Server c. Application Server d. Database Server e. Web Server f. Mail Server g. Hypervisor [4 each ] 3. What type of technology does a hypervisor use to control multiple virtual machines? [1 ] 2.7 - Protocols Topic List 3.2 - Virtualisation

A glossary of important code to be used in Greenfoot, such as random movement, using a counter removing objects and sound. Aimed at the Eduqas / WJEC GCSE specification. Greenfoot Code Glossary Greenfoot Home This code will work for Version 2.4.2 which is used in Component 2 of the 2016 WJEC/Edquas specification . Key Down 270 if (Greenfoot.isKeyDown("right" )) { setRotation(0); move(1); } 180 90 0 Bounce At Edge if (isAtEdge()) { turn(180); } move(1); if (Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(10)<1) { turn(Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(90) - 45); } Random Remove Object if (isTouching(Apple.class )) { removeTouching(Apple.class ); } Play Sound Greenfoot.playSound("pop.wav" ); Stop Greenfoot.stop(); Counter - (Write this code when an object is removed) Counter counter = (Counter) getWorld().getObjects(Counter.class ).get(0); counter.add(1); Stuck? If you start typing but can't remember what commands come next, press Ctrl and Space together to show a list of all possible commands that you can use.

Learn how to edit code in Greenfoot to make objects move randomly across the screen. This can be used on 'enemy' objects. Part 3 of the Greenfoot Tutorial for the Eduqas / WJEC GCSE 2016 specification. 3. Random Movement 1. Code for Random Movement Greenfoot Tutorial Watch on YouTube: Right-click on your enemy class on the main screen and select ' Open editor '. The enemy character should always be moving, so start with move(1); Next we will use an if statement to start the random movement. This code generates 10 random numbers and if it is less than 1 then it will run the proceeding code. If we don't do this, the character will turn too much or too little . This code generates a random angle between 0 and 90. The - 45 part is necessary otherwise the character will always move to the right . See the diagram below for an explanation: 2. Bounce at World Edge You may have noticed that the enemy objects can get 'stuck' in the corners or when they hit the edge of the world. In the act() method, below the random movement code , add the code in the red box . This code checks to see if the object is at the edge , and turns it around ( 180 degrees ) if it is. 3. Compile and Run Click the Compile button at the top of the code editor . Then you can go back to the main Greenfoot window and click Run to test if your enemy objects move . Click on me if you've got an error that you're stuck with. < Part 2 - Movement with the Arrow Keys Part 4 - Remove Objects >

Test your understanding of string and number handling techniques in Python. Try practice tasks and learn through text and images. Perfect for students learning GCSE Computer Science in UK schools. top Python - Section 9 Practice Tasks Task One It is the national hockey championships and you need to write the program for the TV channel showing the live games. Let the user enter the name of the first country that is playing. Then let the user enter the name of the second country . Shorten country 1 to the first two letters . Shorten country 2 to the first two letters . Bonus: Display the teams in uppercase . Example solution: Welcome to the National Hockey Championships!!! Enter the first country: Montenegro Enter the second country: Kazakhstan Scoreboard: MO vs KA G Task Two In some places, the letter G is seen as an offensive letter. The government want you to create a program to count how many times the letter G appears in a sentence . Let the user input any sentence that they like. You need to count how many g’s there are. Then print the number of g’s there are. Example solution: Enter your sentence: good day! great golly gosh, got a good feeling! There were 7 instances of that awful letter! Task Three A pet shop has just ordered in a batch of new dog collars with name tags. However, there was a mistake with the order and the tags are too small to display names longer than 6 characters . You need to create a program that checks the user’s dog name can fit. Let the user enter their dog’s name . Calculate the length of their name. Use an if statement to see if it is greater than 6 characters . If it is then print – Sorry but our dog tags are too small to fit that. Otherwise print – Excellent, we will make this dog tag for you. Example solutions: Welcome to 'Dogs and Cats' Pet Shop! What is the name of your dog? Miles Excellent, we will make this dog tag for you! Welcome to 'Dogs and Cats' Pet Shop! What is the name of your dog? Sebastian Sorry, our dog tags are too small! Task Four It’s literacy week and the Head of English would like you to create a vowel checker program to ensure that year 7s are using plenty of vowels in their work. Let the user enter any sentence they like. For each letter in the sentence that they have just entered you need to use if statements to check if it is a vowel . You will need to use the OR operator between each statement to separate them. After the for loop you need to print the number of vowels they have used. Example solution: Enter your sentence: Put that thing back where it came from, or so help me! You used 14 vowels in your sentence. Task Five Remember the national hockey championships? Well, the company that hired you just fired you… Never mind though, a rival scoreboard company want to hire you right away. You need to let the user enter two countries like last time. But this time you don’t want to calculate the first two letters, you want to print the last three letters . Example solution: Welcome back to the National Hockey Championships!!! Enter the first country: Montenegro Enter the second country: Kazakhstan Scoreboard: GRO vs TAN Task Six Too many people are using inappropriate names on Instagram so they have decided to scrap the username and will give you a code instead. The code is the 2nd and 3rd letters of your first name , your favourite colour and then the middle two numbers of the year you were born . Let the user input their name, then their favourite colour and then the year they were born. Using their data, calculate their new Instagram name! Example solution: Welcome to Instagram What is your name? Matthew What is your favourite colour? red Which year were you born in? 1987 Your new profile name is: ATRED98 Task Seven Copy the text on the right and create a program that will split the text at each full stop. Count the number of names in the list. Print the longest name. Example solution: The list contains 20 names The longest name is alexandria annabelle.clara.damien.sarah.chloe.jacques.mohammed.steven.rishi.raymond.freya.timothy.claire.steve.alexandria.alice.matthew.harriet.michael.taylor ⬅ 9b - Number Handling 10a - Open & Write To Files ➡

Learn about methods of physically protecting data such as biometric devices, RFID and tokens, privacy screens and shredding. Based on the 2016 OCR Cambridge Technicals Level 3 IT specification. 5.4 - Physical Security Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 1 RFID & Tokens Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to attach tags to physical objects . RFID tags can be embedded within 'dumb' objects such as clothing, packages and even animals. RFID is used with security tokens (such as an ID keycard ) to permit the access of authorised people to certain areas. RFID can be used by IT companies to track equipment and manage access . Shredding This is the cutting up of documents (paper or CDs ) into small pieces so that they cannot be reassembled and read. Sensitive data on paper or optical disc should be shredded when no longer required. Locks A lock can be used to prevent access to server rooms or sensitive data stores . Only authorised personnel with the right key will have access. Physical Security Measures Biometrics Biometric devices require the input of a human characteristic (such a fingerprint , iris or voice scan ). The biometric data is checked against previously inputted data in a database . A match will allow access to the user. See more in section 1.1 . Privacy Screens These plastic screens are placed over a monitor to obscure the screen to anyone except the person sitting directly in front of them. This prevents shoulder surfing and prevents data from being read by unauthorised people nearby. Q uesto's Q uestions 5.4 - Physical Security: 1. Explain how locks can be used as a physical security method within an organisation. [2 ] 2. Explain what RFID is and how it can be used with tokens as a physical security method. [3 ] 3. Explain how biometric devices can be used as a physical security method. [3 ] 4. Explain how privacy screens are used to protect data. [2 ] 5. What is the purpose of shredding ? [2 ] 5.3 - Threats Topic List 5.5 - Digital Security