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Python - #1 - The Basics 1. Start with Commenting Programmers write A LOT of code. They need to understand exactly what they have written, especially if they are working as part of a team or returning to code after working on other projects. ​ To help them understand what they have written, programmers use comments to annotate (explain) their code . Task 1 - Create a new Python program and use # to write a comment that says your name and the date. Save the file as 1-Basics.py In Python, type the # symbol then your message to write a comment. ​ Comments are not printed when you run a program! ​ It is a good idea to start every program with a comment, so you know what the program is about . 2. Printing to the Screen The most basic and common command you will use in Python is print . ​ Inside the print brackets, you can write a message within speech marks . ​ Your print command should turn purple - don't use any capital letters in Python unless it is inside speech marks! Task 2 - Write a nice message by using the print command, brackets and speech marks. ​ Press F5 to run your program. 3. More Printing You can write multiple print lines one after another to print on different lines. Task 3 - Add two more print lines to your program. You can choose any message that you like. 4. New Lines You can use the special command \n to start a new line . This allows you to write on multiple lines but only use one print line. ​ Use the backslash ( \ ) not the forward-slash ( / ). Task 4 - Use \n to write a 3 sentence conversation in only one line of code. Challenge Programs Use everything that you have learned on this page to help you create these programs... ​ Challenge Task 1 - Days of the Week Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 1-Week.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Create a program that prints the days of the week, with each day on a new line. ​ BONUS : Try to use only one print line. BONUS : Have no empty spaces at the start of each line. ​ When you run it, it should look like this: Challenge Task 2 - Conversation Create a new Python program. Save it as ' 1-Conversation.py ' Add a comment at the top with your name and the date. Create a program that prints a 6-line conversation between two people. It is up to you what these two people are talking about. ​ BONUS : Try to use only one print line. BONUS : Have no empty spaces at the start of each line. ​ When you run it, it could look something like this: #2 Variables >>>

11.2: Legislation Exam Board: Eduqas / WJEC Specification: 2020 + Data Protection Act (2018) In 2018 the European Union introduced GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation ) to protect the privacy of data for people in the EU. The UK matched this by updating the Data Protection Act introduced in 1998 to become the Data Protection Act (2018) . ​ This act protects the data of individuals that is stored on computers and processed by organisations. ​ How the Data Protection Act works: ​ Each person who has their data stored is known as a data subject . An employee within an organisation must be appointed as a data controller and it is they who are responsible for registering with the Information Commissioner . The Information Commissioner is the person in the UK who is responsible for managing several laws , most significantly the Data Protection Act. When registering with the Information Commissioner, the organisation's data controller must be clear on exactly: What information they are collecting, Why it is being collected, What the data will be used for . ​ The six principles of the Data Protection Act state that data must be: 1. Collected lawfully and processed fairly. 2. Only used for the reasons specified. 3. Data must be relevant and not excessive. 4. Data must be accurate and up-to-date. 5. Data must not be stored for longer than necessary, 6. Data must be stored and processed securely. Computer Misuse Act (1990) This act was introduced as computers became cheaper and more common at home and work . The act attempts to stop and punish those who use computers inappropriately . Breaking any of the three principles could result in fines and a jail sentence but only if it can be proved it was done on purpose and not by accident. ​ The Computer Misuse Act (1990 ) includes three main principles :​ 1. No unauthorised access to data. ​ Example: Hacking a computer system. 2. No unauthorised access to data that could be used for further illegal activities. ​ Example: Accessing personal data to use as blackmail or identity theft. 3. No unauthorised modification of data. ​ ​ Example: Spreading a virus to change data. Freedom of Information Act (2000) This act allows people to request public authorities to release information . Public authorities include local councils , government departments , universities and hospitals . ​ A freedom of information request must be formally submitted in a letter or email and a reply from the organisation is required within twenty days of receiving the request. ​ A simple freedom of information request might be the average response times of the local ambulance service in the past year. Certain requests will not be accepted , such as if processing the request would be too expensive or if it involves sensitive information protected by the Data Protection Act (2018 ). Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (2000) This act (often shortened to RIPA ) was introduced in response to the increase in both criminal and terrorist activities on the internet, it is used to monitor and access online communication of suspected criminals . If criminal activity is suspected by an individual then this act grants the following powers : ​ Internet Service Providers (ISPs) must provide access to the suspect's online communication , such as emails or social media. Locked or encrypted data may be accessed such as online messages. ISPs could install surveillance equipment or software to track the suspect's online activity . Surveillance may take place to physically track the suspect , e.g. in private vans or by undercover officers in public spaces. Access must be granted to personal information . ​ This act became controversial as its use widened and local councils were using it for minor offences - a Scottish council used the act to monitor dog barking and a council in Cumbria gathered video evidence about who was feeding pigeons . The act has since been changed to only allow the surveillance of crime suspects . Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988) This act makes it a criminal offence to copy work that is not your own without the permission of the creator or the copyright holder. This can refer to text, images, music, videos or software. Owning the copyright of an image might not prevent others from copying and using it but this act means that the owner can bring legal proceedings in court to those who have stolen their work . However, it is difficult to trace who has stolen work once it has been uploaded to the internet and copies can easily spread, especially television shows and movies. ​ This act specifically prohibits the following actions: Making copies of copyrighted material to sell to others . Importing and downloading illegally copied material (except for personal use). Distributing enough copyrighted material to have a noticeable effect on the copyright holder . Possessing equipment used to copy copyrighted material , as part of a business. Creative Commons (CC) Licensing A CC licence allows people to share their copyrighted work while still retaining rights to the material . ​ There are different types of licence that specify exactly what can and can't be done to the copyrighted material. For example: An attribution licence allows copyrighted material to be edited and distributed but the original owner must be credited . A non-commercial licence allows copyrighted material to be shared and edited but no profit must be gained through its distribution. CC licences are not automatically given , they must be granted by the copyright owner . To ensure you are not illegally using copyrighted work change the Tools and Licence setting when using Google Images to filter work with CC licenses applied . Telecommunications Regulation Act (2000) This act allows organisations to lawfully monitor communications made online and on the phone by employees while at work . ​ All users of the network should be aware that their communication is being monitored when they are using emails , the internet or telephone calls . ​ The act was introduced to ensure that employees are using the computer systems for the correct purpose , to prevent illegal activity and to monitor staff performance . Codes of Conduct One way that organisations try to ensure that staff are held to professional standards and display appropriate behaviour is to create a code of conduct . This is a set of rules or requirements that employees must follow or they may be punished, such as a temporary ban from the network or being fired. There are two types of codes of conduct: Formal codes of conduct are a set of written rules that clearly state expected behaviour , such as what employees can access online at work . Schools may have this too, and you might have to sign a document at the start of the year before you can use the computers. Informal codes of conduct are used by small organisations where there might not be a written set of rules , but newer employees follow the habits and expectations of senior members of staff. This is harder to monitor but provides a more relaxed working environment. Q uesto's Q uestions 11.2 - Legislation: ​ 1a. State the 6 principles of the Data Protection Act (2018) . [ 6 ] 1b. Explain how the Data Protection Act works . In your answer, you should include definitions of a data subject , the data controller and the Data Commissioner . [ 6 ] ​ 2. Describe the 4 principles of the Computer Misuse Act (1990) . [3 ] ​ 3. Describe the purpose of the Freedom of Information Act (1990) and state an example of a freedom request . [ 3 ] ​ 4a. What is the purpose of RIPA (2000) ? [ 2 ] 4b. Describe 3 actions that RIPA (2000) allows the government / police to do . [ 3 ] ​ 5a. What is the purpose of the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988) ? [ 2 ] 5b. Describe 3 actions that CDPA (1988) prohibits . [ 3 ] ​ 6a. What is a Creative Commons ( CC ) licence ? [ 2 ] 6b. Describe 2 types of CC licence . [ 4 ] ​ 7a. What is the purpose of the Telecommunications Regulation Act (2003) ? [ 2 ] 7b. Describe 3 reasons why this act was introduced . [ 3 ] ​ 8a. What is the purpose of a code of conduct ? [ 2 ] 8b. Describe the difference between formal and informal codes of conduct . [ 2 ] 11.1 - Impacts of Technology Theory Topics

top Python - Section 2 Practice Tasks Task One: Food & Colour Ask a user to input their favourite colour and their favourite food and then print a response using both answers. ​ Requirements for a complete program: ​ Use only one print line. Include both of the user's answers in the print line. Include capital letters, full stops and no irregular spacing in the printed line. ​ Remember: Break up variables in a print line by using commas or plus signs between each part of the "sentence" . Example solutions: What is your favourite colour? green What is your favourite food? cheese Yum! I'll have green cheese for dinner tonight! What is your favourite colour? purple What is your favourite food? ice cream Let's have purple ice cream for breakfast! Task Two: Trivia Question Create a program that asks the user to input an answer to a trivia question of your choice then prints the correct answer with their response too. Requirements for a complete program: Only two lines. Include capital letters, full stops and no irregular spacing in the printed line. Example solution: What is the capital city of Botswana? Windhoek Correct answer: Gaborone. Your answer: Windhoek What is the closest planet to Earth? Mars Correct answer: Mars. Your answer: Mars Task Three: Getting to School Create a program that asks the user how they get to school and how many minutes it takes them (using int ). ​ Then print an appropriate response that uses both variables . ​ Requirements for a complete program: ​ ​ Use only one print line. Include both of the user's answers in the print line. Include capital letters, full stops and no irregular spacing in the printed line. Example solution: How do you get to school? car How many minutes does it take you? 45 Really? It takes you 45 minutes to get here by car? How do you get to school? walking How many minutes does it take you? 20 Really? It takes you 20 minutes to get here by walking? ⬅ 2b - Inputting Numbers 3a - Data Types ➡

Eduqas / WJEC GCSE Computer Science These pages are based on the Eduqas GCSE Computer Science 2020 specification . The content can also be used by students studying WJEC GCSE Computer Science in Wales . This website is in no way affiliated with Eduqas / WJEC . 1. Hardware 1.1 - The Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1.2 - The FDE Cycle 1.3 - Primary Storage 1.4 - Secondary Storage 1.5 - Performance 1.6 - Additional Hardware 2. Logical Operators & Boolean 2.1 - Logical Operators 2.2 - Boolean Algebra 3. Networks & Security 3.1 - Network Characteristics 3.2 - Data Packets & Switching 3.3 - Network Topology 3.4 - Network Hardware & Routing 3.5 - Protocols 3.6 - 7-Layer OSI Model 3.7 - The Internet 3.8 - Cyber Threats 3.9 - Protection Against Threats 4. Data 4.1 - Number Systems 4.2 - Signed Binary 4.3 - Binary Calculations 4.4 - Arithmetic Shift 4.5 - Character Sets & Data Types 4.6 - Graphical Representation 4.7 - Sound Representation 4.8 - Compression 5. Data Organisation 5.1 - Data Structures & File Design 6. Operating Systems 6.1 - Operating Systems 6.2 - Utility Software 7. Principles of Programming 7.1 - Language Levels 8. Algorithms & Constructs 8.1 - Programming Principles 8.2 - Understanding Algorithms 8.3 - Writing Algorithms 8.4 - Sorting & Searching Algorithms 8.5 - Validation & Verification 9. Software Development 9.1 - IDE Tools 10. Program Construction 10.1 - Translators 10.2 - Stages of Compilation 10.3 - Programming Errors 11. Technological Issues 11.1 - Impacts of Technology 11.2 - Legislation Component 2 (Programming Exam) Python Removed content from the 2016 Specification

Exam Board: OCR 2.2b - Object Oriented Programming Specification: A-Level 2015 An instruction set is a list of all the instructions that a CPU can process as part of the FDE cycle . ​ CPUs can have different sets of instructions that they can perform based on their function. The two most common instruction sets are the simpler RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer ) and more complicated CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer ). Instruction Sets This page is still being updated. Graphical Processing Unit What is cache memory? ​ Cache memory is temporary storage for frequently accessed data . ​ Cache memory is very quick to access because it is closer to the CPU than other types of memory like RAM . Multicore & Parallel Systems What is cache memory? ​ Cache memory is temporary storage for frequently accessed data . ​ Cache memory is very quick to access because it is closer to the CPU than other types of memory like RAM . Multicore & Parallel Systems What is cache memory? ​ Cache memory is temporary storage for frequently accessed data . ​ Cache memory is very quick to access because it is closer to the CPU than other types of memory like RAM . Q uesto's Q uestions 2.2b - Object Oriented Programming: ​ 1. What is cache memory ? [ 2 ] ​ 2.2a - Computational Methods Theory Topics 3.1a - Algorithm Design

Pyt hon Follow the instructions in each section and try the practice tasks on every page . At the end of each section are larger problems to solve. ​ Pyt hon Sections 0. Setting up Python Installing and Using Python ​ ​ 1. Printing and Variables a. Printing b. Comments c. Creating Variables d. Using Variables Section 1 Practice Tasks 2. Inputting Data a. Inputting Text b. Inputting Numbers Section 2 Practice Tasks 7. Subroutines a. Procedures b. Functions Section 7 Practice Tasks 8. Lists a. Using Lists b. 2D Lists c. Dictionaries Section 8 Practice Tasks 9. String Handling a. Basic String Handling b. Number Handling Section 9 Practice Tasks 3. Data Types & Calculations a. Data Types b. Simple Calculations Section 3 Practice Tasks 4. Selection a. If Statements b. Mathematical Operators ( & MOD / DIV) c. Logical Operators Section 4 Practice Tasks ​ 5. Importing from Libraries a. Random b. Sleep c. Date & Time d. Colorama e. More Libraries (math) Section 5 Practice Tasks 6. Loops a. For Loops b. While Loops Section 6 Practice Tasks 10. File Handling a. Open & Write to Files b. Read & Search Files c. Remove & Edit Lines Section 10 Practice Tasks 11. User Interfaces ​ a. Graphical User Interface 12. Authentication a. Error Handling ​ Extended Tasks Extended Task 1 (Pork Pies) Extended Task 2 (Lottery) Extended Task 3 (Blackjack) Extended Task 4 (Vet Surgery) Extended Task 5 (Colour Collection) Extended Task 6 (Guess the Word) Extended Task 7 (Guess the Number)

5.3 - Threats Exam Board: OCR Specification: 2016 - Unit 1 What are the 7 threats to computer systems? Phishing Misleading individuals or organisations into giving up sensitive information (such as passwords or bank details), often through the use of emails . Hacking Exploiting weaknesses in a system or network to create, view, modify or delete files without permission. Similar to data theft - illegally removing copies of personal or company data from computer systems. :( Trojan Appears to be a useful or well-known program but when downloaded and installed it secretly gives the attacker a ' backdoor ' to your system. Through this backdoor the attacker can access data without the user knowing. Football 2020 FREE Interception Data packets on a network are intercepted by a third party (e.g. hacker) and copied, edited or transferred to a different location than the intended destination. Eavesdropping Intercepting , in real-time , private communication traffic such as instant messages or video calls . Social Engineering Tricking individuals into giving sensitive information , e.g. by claiming to be from the IT department and asking for their password and username to check for viruses. Virus A virus can replicate itself and spread from system to system by attaching itself to infected files that are then downloaded and opened. Once activated, a virus can modify data or corrupt a system so that it stops working. Q uesto's Q uestions 5.3 - Threats: ​ 1. An IT company is making an information booklet about the different types of online threats . Describe each type of threat: a. Phishing b. Hacking / Data Theft c. Trojan d. Interception e. Eavesdropping f. Social Engineering g. Virus [2 each ] 5.2 - Operational Issues Topic List 5.4 - Physical Security

top Python 1b - Commenting Writing Comments To annotate your work, you can write a comment using the # symbol. Comments are ignored when you run the program and they are not printed . #This is a comment! ​ print ( "Welcome to Python!" ) ​ #The code above prints a nice greeting = Welcome to Python! Programmers use comments to explain to other people (and themselves) what different sections of code do . With massive programs, comments are vital; otherwise, it would be too confusing, especially after returning from a few weeks or months on a different project. If you are creating a Python project for school (or A-Level Computer Science coursework), you will need comments to explain your code and prove you have written it yourself. Comments over Multiple Lines Have a lot to say in one comment? Use three apostrophes ( ”’ ) at the start and three more at the end of your comment like below: '''This is a comment that I have spread out over more than one line''' print ( "Hello! How are you?" ) Top Tip: Use multi-line comments when testing a program to ‘blank out’ sections that you know work fine and only focus on one part at a time. Commenting Task 1 (Day of the Week & Weather) On line 1 write a single-line comment ( use # ) to state that your program will print the day of the week. On line 2 print the current day of the week. On lines 3, 4 and 5 write a multi-line comment (use ''' ) about the weather today. ​ Remember comments won't be printed so only the day of the week should be output. Example solution: Wednesday ⬅ 1a - Pri nting 1c - Crea ting Variables ➡

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